vocab
the process of ingestion and utilization of nutrients for energy
what is nutrition?
food or liquid that supplies the body with chemicals needed for metabolism
what is a nutrient?
nutrients the body does not make in enough quantities so they must be consumed in the diet
what are essential nutrients?
composed of chains of amino acids that are linked as directed by DNA codes, during digestion they are broken down into amino acids and absorbed into the circulation
what are proteins?
macronutrients that are not dissolvable in water
what are lipids?
found in animal sources, solid at room temp and raise cholesterol
what are saturated fatty acids?
found in vegetable sources, liquid at room temp and do not raise cholesterol
what are unsaturated fatty acids?
where most dietary fat is stored
what are adipose cells?
digested and converted primarily into glucose
what are carbs?
organic substances that the body cant manufacture, fat soluble ones are A, D,E,K and water soluble ones are C and B complex
what are vitamins?
inorganic substances critical to the regulation of cellular processes
what are minerals?
feeling of fullness
what is satiety?
the process by which food is broken down mechanically and chemically in the I tract and converted into absorbable components
what is digestion?
physically breaking down and moving substances through the digest tract
what is mechanical digestion?
the work of digestive enzymes and bile to convert ingested substances into absorbable components
what is chemical digestion?
mucous cells, parietal cells, chief cells and G cells
complex process of taking nutrients and moving these into circulation to be used by cells, the liver receives the nutrient where they are stored for later
what is absorption?
protein, iron and vitamins are the most common nutrients that are inadequately consumed
what is undernutrition?
deprivation of food, condition, of starvation
what is marasmus?
protein deprivation in persons consuming adequate carbss
what is kwashiorkor?
a lack of movement of specific nutrients across the GI mucosa, can affect one nutrient such as lactose or all nutrients in a specific location of the GI tract
what is malabsorption syndrome?
disorder of gluten malabsorption caused by T cell hypersensitivity in people who are genetically predisposed. wt loss, diarrhea, fatigue. biopsy for testing. corn and rice used as alternatives
what is celiac disease?
autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the PAH gene. PAH gene leads to accumulation of phenylalanine enzyme in body fluids and the inability to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine.
what is phenylketonuria?
excessive body fat, adipocytes are the primary cell involved in this
what is obesity?