Old Regime Overthrow
This was the French King (1754–1793) who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution.
Who is Louis XVI?
This process was the preliminary shift away from an agricultural economy in Europe, as workers became part-time producers of textiles and metal products.
What is proto-industrialization?
This political viewpoint opposed revolutionary goals and advocated for the defense of the monarchy and the church.
What is conservative?
This body met in 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars to restore political stability and the European balance of power.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
This cultural development of the later Industrial Revolution was based on the explosion of newspapers, popular theater, and spectator sports.
What is mass leisure culture?
This device was introduced as a method of humane execution but became a symbol of revolutionary bloodshed during the Reign of Terror.
What is the guillotine?
This term refers to the dynamic new pattern of population change, characterized by low birth and infant death rates and increased life expectancy.
What is demographic transition?
This political viewpoint favored democratic voting, sought liberties for propertied individuals, and advocated a limited state interference in private life.
What is liberal?
This nineteenth-century Italian political system promoted a cabinet that allied conservatives and liberals, facilitating the absorption of all parliamentary parties into a unified policy.
What is trasformismo?
This artistic movement in 19th-century Western art and literature emphasized emotion and passion over reason, challenging the established previous norms.
What is Romanticism?
This political upheaval began roughly with the American Revolution in 1775 and continued through the French Revolution of 1789 and other European movements until 1848.
What is the age of revolution?
This is the term for the tremendous growth in population in Western Europe that began around 1730 and preceded the Industrial Revolution.
What is the population revolution?
This movement, originating in Western Europe, is defined as a political viewpoint that urges immediate, sweeping change and promotes democracy in favor of the lower classes.
What is radical?
This term references political stance popular that was prominent in Western Europe that promotes a collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin.
What is nationalism?
This scientist developed mathematical theories after 1900 to explain the behavior of planetary motion and the movement of electrical particles, including the theory of relativity.
Who is Albert Einstein?
This military leader rose to prominence during the French Revolution, established the French Empire, and was defeated and deposed in 1815.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
This social and economic issue, referring to problems relating to the lower classes during the Industrial Revolution, became a critical political concern after 1870.
What is the social question?
This political movement attacked private property in the name of equality and pushed for state control of the means of production, with origins in the nineteenth century.
What is socialism?
This alliance included Britain, Russia, and France at the outset of the twentieth century, formed to maintain the European balance of power.
What is the Triple Entente?
This biologist developed the theory of evolution, arguing that all living species evolved into their present form through the ability to adapt for survival.
Who is Charles Darwin?
This document became the foundation of French civil rights for all citizens, when the French Revolution was in its liberal phase in 1989.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
This 1889 Chinese incident in Milwaukee is a taste of the anxiety that followed decades of Chinese immigration to the States.
What was the Milwaukee anti-Chinese riot?
This socialist movement was in disagreement with Marx's revolutionary ideas, believing that social reforms could be achieved gradually through the existing political system.
What is revisionism?
This term refers to movements that created independent nations in the provinces in southeastern Europe of the Ottoman Empire, which also triggered the crises that ultimately led to the beginning of the first world war.
What is Balkan nationalism?
This French scientist, whose work in the 19th century led to better sanitation and reduced infant death rates, discovered the relationship between germs and disease.
Who is Louis Pasteur?