The Art of Persuasion
What is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions?
Persuasion
Which method of organization mimics the psychology of persuasion?
Monroe's motivated sequence
True or false, it is the job of a persuasive speaker to be impartial.
False, the job of a persuasive speaker is to act as an advocate. They are partisan.
Imagine a scale with strongly opposed on the left, neutral in the middle, and strongly in favor on the right. Where does persuasion occur on this scale?
Any movement by a listener from left to right.
A question of ______ addresses whether something is moral or immoral.
Value
What do you call the part of the audience that the speaker hopes to persuade with a speech?
Target Audience
How are speeches on questions of value typically organized?
Topically
True or false, it is okay to quote out of context is the quote supports your argument, even when you know the author would not agree with your argument.
No (could get some points if you mention framing and context)
Of all types of public speaking, which is the most complex?
Persuasion
What are the two possible goals when speaking on a question of policy?
- Gain Passive Agreement
-Seek Immediate Action
Felicia is giving a speech on abortion and is facing varying levels of resistance from many members of the audience. Why might this be the case?
Abortion is a controversial topic that touches on listeners' basic attitudes, values, and beliefs.
What are the four additional methods for organizing a speech on a question of policy?
-Problem Solution
-Problem Cause Solution
-Comparative Advantages
-Monroe's Motivated Sequence
What are the five ethical guidelines for public speaking? (Ch. 2)
-Make sure your goals are ethically sound
-Be fully prepared for each speech
-Be honest in what you say
-Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language
-Put ethical principles into practice
Why is it not always possible to persuade a listener? What must you do to ensure persuasion can happen?
Sometimes, listeners are so committed to their own ideas that they can not be persuaded to the speaker's point of view. Thus, a speaker must set realistic goals.
Why does the burden of proof always rest with the speaker who advocates change?
People are not inclined to adopt a new policy unless they are convinced the old one is not working.
When does the need for persuasion exist? (Must answer 2/3 from textbook for points)
-There are political factions
-There is disagreement
-There are disputes
When are you most likely to use comparative advantages?
When your audience already believes a problem exists.
Listeners do not sit passively and absorb a speakers full message, what are they assessing? (At least 3)
Credibility, delivery, supporting materials, language, and the like.
How can a speaker engage in a mental dialogue with their audience before delivering their speech? (Two ways)
-When preparing the speech, try and put themselves in the place of the audience and imagine how they will respond.
-Try to anticipate audience objections and answer them in the speech.
What are three basic issues you must address when speaking on a question of policy? Briefly discuss the importance of each.
Need: Convince listeners that things are not okay as they are.
Plan: Explain your plan for solving the problem.
Practicality: Once you have presented the plan, you must show that it will work.
What are the seven elements of speech, and how are each significant in persuasive speech?
-Speaker
-Message
-Channel
-Listener
-Feedback
-Interference
-Situation
What are the five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence, and what is the purpose of each?
1. Gain the attention of the audience
2. Show the need for a change
3. Satisfy the sense of need by presenting a plan that will remedy the need.
4. Visualize the benefits and practicality of the plan.
5. Urge the audience to take action in support of the plan
What additional guidelines are there for public speaking?
-Study the topic thoroughly to ensure they are not misleading the audience
-Learn about all sides of an issue and make sure they get the facts right
-Gaurd against subtle forms of dishonesty such as quoting out of context, portraying a few details as the whole story
-They should present evidence fairly and accurately
-They should keep in mind the power of language and employ it responsibly.
-Uncommitted listeners, listeners who are inclining toward agreement with the speaker, and listeners who disagree with the speaker but who are open to persuasion.
According to the textbook, what is the best approach to a persuasive speech about questions of value?
Providing information that justifies your moral stance