Lesson 1
This phrase summed up European motives for exploration?
What is Gold, Glory & God?
This economic theory claimed a nation’s power depended on its wealth in gold and silver.
What is mercantilism?
These European-born officials held the highest government positions in the colonies.
Who are the Peninsulares?
Catholic missions in the Americas had this main goal.
What is converting Indigenous peoples to Christianity?
Spanish and Portuguese rule left this dominant religion across Latin America.
What is Catholicism?
This small, fast ship with triangular sails allowed explorers to sail against the wind and travel farther distances.
What is a Caravel?
This term describes the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This system allowed Spanish landowners to force Indigenous people to work and pay taxes.
What is the encomienda system?
The Catholic Church helped colonists by creating these institutions for education and conversion.
What are schools and missions?
These two languages remain the most widely spoken in Latin America today.
What are Spanish and Portuguese?
This Portuguese explorer reached India by sailing around Africa and returned home with spices.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
This three-part trade system connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
What is the triangular trade?
This labor system in Peru required Indigenous workers to toil in silver mines.
What is the Mita system?
This mission in Florida shows the influence of Spanish Catholicism in North America.
What is Mission San Luis de Apalachee?
Indigenous populations declined primarily because of these two new diseases.
What are smallpox and measles?
This 1494 agreement divided new lands between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The decline of Indigenous populations led Europeans to import millions of these forced laborers.
Who are enslaved Africans?
These two groups were at the very bottom of colonial society.
Who are Indigenous peoples and enslaved Africans?
This priest spoke out against Spanish abuse of Indigenous populations.
Who is Bartolome de las Casas?
These two nations dominated the earliest stages of European exploration.
Who are Spain & Portugal?
These 3 things helped long-distance voyages with accuracy and safety
What are improved maps, the magnetic compass and the astrolabe?
This was the name of the deadly journey enslaved Africans took across the Atlantic Ocean.
What is the Middle Passage?
These two factors determined one’s social rank in colonial Latin America.
What are race and birthplace?
This Mexican nun, writer, and scholar argued that women deserved education.
Who is Juana Ines de la Cruz?
This global era connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas through exploration, trade, and colonization, but also caused slavery, disease, and cultural destruction.
What is the Age of Exploration?