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Science of Astronomy
Enlightenment
Arts
Absolutism/War
Colonial Empires/American Revolution
100
Defined the three laws of motion that govern planetary bodies, as well as objects on the Earth. Most famous law states that every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity.
Who is Isaac Newton?
100
Called the "father of modern rationalism." System of thought based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.
Who is Rene Descartes?
100
Known as one of the greatest composers of all time. One of his greatest compositions was Mass in B Minor. He fathered 20 children. He would end up blind as he reached his later years in life.
Who is Johann Sebastian Bach?
100
Important document in United States history that states the following quote: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
What is Declaration of Independence?
100
In the summer of 1787 fifty-five delegates in the United States met to revise their current government called the Articles of Confederation but instead created an entire new government based on a federal system and proposed three separate branches power.
What is the Constitution?
200
First European to make regular observations of the heavens with a telescope. Understood that heavenly bodies were made of material substances just like Earth. Believed in heliocentric view of the universe where the sun not Earth was at its center.
Who is Galileo?
200
French philosophe who believed that government functioned through a separation of powers. In this separation no one branch of government could gain power over the other two branches of government, therefore the branches "checked and balanced" each other.
Who was Montesquieu?
200
Was a child prodigy in the art of music who composed first music composition at the age of six. Composed his first great Mass at the age of twelve. If you listened to his all his music he has ever made for 8 hours a day, it would take you almost 1,500 years to listen to it all.
Who is Mozart?
200
Two European countries who fought over control of North America. The last major war between these two countries was called the French and Indian War.
What is the French and Indian War?
200
The first ten amendments in the Constitution. Originally there were twelve amendments but two were later dropped. Several states refused to ratify the Constitution until these amendments were added to the Constitution.
What is the Bill of Rights?
300
Showed that the orbits of the planets were not circular and confirmed that the sun was at the center of the universe.
Who is Johannes Kepler?
300
Considered one of the greatest figures of the Enlightenment. Believed in religious toleration. Championed idea of Deism or the belief that God created the world but has not intervened since and the that creation lives according to its own natural laws.
Who is Voltaire?
300
Best known for creating religious music. His most famous work was called Messiah. Had a sword duel with a fellow composer in which he was almost killed.
Who is Handel?
300
This agreement between Great Britain and France transferred Canada and lands east of the Mississippi River from French hands to British hands. Spain was forced to give Great Britain what is today Florida. In return, France gave Spain their Louisiana Territory to the Spanish.
What is the Treaty of Paris
300
These two European countries closely regulated trade in their American colonies to keep other European nations out of the Americas. These countries profited from abundant supplies of gold and silver and agricultural products.
What are Spain and Portugal?
400
One of the most famous female astronomers. She discovered a comet. Denied a post at the Berlin Academy as a professor because she was a woman.
Who is Maria Winkelmann?
400
Known as the "father of Economics," this physiocrat who stated that the state should not interfere in the natural economic forces. In other words, the government should leave the economy alone. This is called laissez-faire.
Who is Adam Smith?
400
A new artistic style that spread throughout Europe; it used delicate designs colored in gold and graceful curves. It was a highly secular artistic style.
What is rococo?
400
Son of Maria Theresa, he was the only ruler who sought truly radical changes based on Enlightenment ideas. He would abolish serfdom, eliminate the death penalty, and allowed religious toleration.
Who is Joseph II?
400
The United Kingdom of Great Britain came into existence in 1707. England and Scotland combined.
What is Britain?
500
Model that placed the Earth at the center of the universe.
What is the Ptolemaic System?
500
Came up with the concept of the "social contract." Through the social contract, society agrees to be governed by its general will. Individuals who wish instead to follow their own self-interests must be forced to abide by the general will.
Who is Rousseau?
500
English novelist whose best known work was entitled, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling. His characters reflected real types of English society.
Who is Henry Fielding?
500
Ruler of Russia. Thought to have had some involvement in the death of her predecessor. She expanded Russia's territory to include the Black Sea and about 50% of Poland's territory. She was also very promiscuous.
Who is Catherine the Great?
500
Offspring of Europeans and Native Americans and offspring of Europeans and Africans?
What are Mestizos and Mulattoes?