A
What is a cyst that results from an infection of a tarsal gland?
Chalazion
Which eye structure is commonly known as the "whites of the eye"?
Sclera
What does the Neural layer of the Inner layer of the eye contain?
Photoreceptor cells
What substance fills the posterior chamber of the eye?
Vitreous humor
Which type of lingual papillae have as many as 100 taste buds per papilla?
Vallate papillae
What type of photoreceptors allows humans to see in dimly lit rooms?
Rods
After gustatory information is directed to the thalamus, where is the information sent to in the brain?
Gustatory cortex in the insula
Which cells located in the olfactory epithelium differentiate to form new olfactory receptors?
Basal cells
What is Emmetropia?
Normal accommodation (normal vision)
The build-up of which fluid results in glaucoma?
Aqueous humor
What are the 2 layers that make up the olfactory organs?
Olfactory Epithelium & Lamina Propria
What is another scientific name for the spiral organ?
Organ of Corti
\Which two molecules are present in lacrimal secretions that help prevent bacterial or other pathogen-related infections?
Lysozymes & antibodies
1. What visual pigment is found in rods?
2. And what vitamin is needed to produce the retinal part of this pigment?
1. Rhodopsin
2. Vitamin A
Where would conjunctiva be found?
Inner surfaces of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eyeball
1. What are the names of the pair of membranous sacs located in the vestibule?
2. What sensations do the receptors on the sacs detect?
1. Saccule & Utricle
2. Equilibrium sensations
1. What condition is commonly known as “night blindness”?
2. And what vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
1. Nyctalopia
2. Vitamin A deficiency
What occurs at the optic chiasm?
It is where the two optic nerves reach the diencephalon after a partial crossover
Name the 3 layers of the eye
1. Fibrous layer (Cornea, sclera)
2. Vascular layer (Iris, ciliary body, choroid)
3. Inner layer (Retina, neural layer, pigmented layer)
What is the common name of the secretion that is produced by ceruminous glands?
Cerumen
Which eye structure has glands that produce secretions that are responsible for the gritty deposits that you may have after sleeping?
Lacrimal caruncle
Which 2 molecules must bind for olfaction reception to begin?
Odorant molecule and a G protein-coupled receptor molecule
Put the following structures of the retina in order when light enters the eye:
Rods/Cones, Pigmented layer, Ganglion cells, Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells ---> Bipolar cells ---> Rods/Cones ---> Pigmented layer
1. What are otoliths?
2. Movement of otoliths stimulates which cells to send information to the brain regarding body position?
1. Densely packed calcium carbonate crystals on the surface of the otolithic membrane
2. Hair cells
What part of the retina has the highest concentration of cones?
Fovea centralis