Industrial Revolution
What was the downside of the Industrial Revolution?
What is the downside of capitalism?
It depends on production of goods and selling those goods, so as production increases and we produce more than just necesities, we have to have constant consumption. This leads to consumerism and sometimes exploitation (like forcing colonies to buy goods). If unregulated, it also leads to abuse of workers
What is one downside of communism?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
possible answers: stifles innovation because people are not motivated, people are naturally selfish so communism is too idealistic in thinking the state can make everyone equal, even if we have equal resources economic exchanges still happen, etc.
Who came up with the idea of evolution for humans?
Charles Darwin
Who was the queen on England during much of the later Industrial Revolution and changes that came to Britain?
Queen Victoria
What is "division of labor" and how is it more efficient?
Division of labor means that multiple workers divide up the manufactuing process into simple steps, and each worker does one step. This allows the workers to become a master at that step of the process and not waste time transitioning between steps (made even faster by the assembly line)
Which British Prime Minister did his best to get Ireland under control (unsuccessfully)?
William Gladstone
What is Fabian socialism?
The idea of achieving a socialist economy (workers own means of production and state distributes equal resources) through gradual legislative changes, not violent revolution like Marx advocated for.
Who came up with the idea that all elements were made of atoms?
John Dalton
Who founded the YMCA?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
George Williams
What is Robert Bakewell known for?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
He used selective breeding to breed larger, healthier livestock, which could also be kept alive by increased food supply.
What did the Factory Act of 1833 do?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
It banned child labor in textile mills for children under 9. It allowed 8 hours of work for children ages 9-13, and 12 hours of work for children ages 13-18. Children we also to get three hours of schooling each day.
According to Marx and Engels all of human history is the history of _______ struggle
class
They thought every event in history had economic motivations and one class rising up against another oppressive class
How did Dmitri Mendeleev arrange chemical elements?
By atomic mass
What is a macadamized road?
a road that had tightly packed gravel on top of the larger stones, making it smoother. This made traveling faster.
Explain the Bessemer process and what metal does it create?
molten iron is mixed with carbon, and then blowing air is used to rid the mixture of impurities. This creates steel, a stronger metal that can be used for Industrial development, buildings, railroads, etc.
What is the invisible hand?
Adam Smith's idea of laissez faire economics, that an economy unregulated by the government would naturally settle at the right supply, demand, and price of goods as people participated in voluntary exchanges. The "hand" is invisible rather than being the "visible" hand of the government
What was the problem that the proletariat had according the Marx?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
They did not own the products that they made with their labor, so they did not benefit from their own labor (someone else gained wealth for their work because they did not own the "means of production"). They were oppressed with horrible working conditions and low pay.
What did social Darwinism do with Darwin's theories?
He applied them to society, stating that humans also followed the idea of "survival of the fittest." This was used as a theory for flawed racial theories and the eugenics movement.
Why did William Booth start the Salvation Army?
He argued that Christians were too apathetic to the poor. Christians had to show they cared for the poor in their current state and not just their eternal state to truly reach people with the gospel. Just like Jesus fed, healed, etc during his time on earth.
What major factors contributed to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain and not somewhere else?
1. It was largely unaffected by the Napoleonic Wars
2. It had a history of innovation and freedom of ideas from the Scientific Revolution, unlike France where the Catholic Church controlled scientific thinkers.
3. Freedom of Enlightenment ideas had led to gradual acceptance of reform in Britain instead of violent revolution, allowing ideas to grow in a stable society.
4. Revolutions in agriculture meant people were well fed and freed up from farming to work industrial jobs.
What did the Reform Bill of 1832 do?
What year was the Communist Manifesto published?
1848
What three scientists built on each other's work to understand that atoms were not the smallest unit of matter?
Marie Curie, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr
What is the dictatorship of the proletariet and what happens after it?
The stage of Communist revolution where the proletariat has to take authoritarian control to get rid of capitalist society and the bourgeoisie. This is the stage when private property is abolished etc, but in theory it would eventually end once the state transitions into a technical role.