Enlightenment Thinkers
Diderot was the co-founder of this which aimed to gather together all knowledge.
Encylopedia
Name one reform of Joseph II of Austria.
Religious toleration for Protestants, Orthodox Christians, and Jews, who were now allowed to own property, build schools, enter the professions, and hold political and military offices;the abolition of serfdom. Serfs could move freely, enter trades, or marry without their lord’s permission; state subsidies for local schools; the abolition of a tithe to the church; the abolition of torture and the death penalty; the compilation of a unified law code
This Austrian composed many famous works including The Marriage of Figaro.
Mozart
This social class paid the most taxes.
Lower class
The success of this war made the French realize that Enlightenment ideas could become reality.
American Revolution
This English writer pointed out the hypocrisy of men who wanted women to be subordinate to men and yet supported the abolition of slavery.
Mary Wollstonecraft
This is what happened to most of Joseph II’s reforms after his death.
They were revoked by his brother/successor
This new art movement was inspired by recent excavations in Greece and Rome.
Neoclassicism
The theories on natural law by these two writers formed the foundation of the Enlightenment.
Isaac Newton and John Locke
This is the belief that God created the world and the universe but had no direct involvement in it.
Deism
This Enlightened thinker wanted to “crush the infamous thing,” that is, bigotry and religious intolerance.
Voltaire
Frederick William II instituted this because he believed that modernization of Prussia began with literacy.
Compulsory/mandatory primary education
This was seen as completing the proper education of an aristocrat’s sons.
The Grand Tour
The travel accounts of this man influenced the Enlightenment by inadvertently promoting cultural relativism.
James Cook
In Some Reflections upon Marriage, this English writer advocated for women’s equality with their spouses.
Mary Astell
This man believed that if powers were divided among three branches of government that it would put checks and balances on the government.
Montesquieu
This is what limited Catherine the Great (and many Enlightened absolutists) from instituting Enlightened reforms.
Resistance from the nobles
This revivalist religion that grew out of Anglicanism emphasized an intense personal experience with followers often having violent conversion experiences.
Methodism
This was the reversal of longstanding alliances in Europe between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War.
The Diplomatic Revolution
This was a discussion or conference, especially one designed to end an argument or hostilities between two groups of people, that was meant to spare the lives of soldiers.
Parley
Rousseau believed that society must abide by this in order for people to be truly free.
General will
This peasant uprising in Russia failed and caused Russian tsars to become increasingly reactive and oppressive.
Pugachev’s Rebellion
This was the practice of “accidentally” smothering a child by rolling over it in sleep.
Overlaying
The writings of this religious skeptic kickstarted the Enlightenment.
Bernard de Fontenelle
This man argued that the punishment should fit the crime and that the accused should be innocent until proven guilty.
Cesare Beccaria