Europe in Crisis
*content vocabulary* one who does not conform to established doctrine
heretic
What were the ideas of John Locke?
that all humans had certain natural rights - rights that they were born with such as rights to life, liberty, and property
What nickname did Louis XIV go by?
the Sun King
*content vocabulary* an artistic movement that emerged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530s; it marked the end of the Renaissance by breaking down the principles of balance, harmony, and moderation
Mannerism
Russian for caesar; the title used by Russian emperors
czar
Who were the Huguenots? Why was their resistance to Catholicism significant?
they were French Protestants, and were significant because 40-50% of the French nobility were Huguenots
*content vocabulary* the belief that the king gets his power from God and not from his subjects
divine right of kings
*content vocabulary* a Russian noble
boyar
Under what artist did Mannerism reach its high point?
El Greco
supporters of Parliament in the English Civil War
roundheads
What did the nation of Spain believe that their mission from God was?
they were chosen by God to save Catholic Christianity from Protestant heretics
The Tudor dynasty ended with the death of Queen Elizabeth I. What line of rulers began with James I in England?
the Stuart line
What city did Peter the Great make the Russian capital?
St. Petersburg
What Spanish novel was written during this time period that has been hailed as one of the greatest literary works of all time?
Don Quixote
supporters of King Charles I in the English Civil War
cavaliers
What was the Edict of Nantes? How did it create peace?
it recognized Catholicism at the official religion of France, and also gave the Huguenots the right to worship and enjoy political privileges
What limitations on kings rights did the Petition of Right put into place? (list 3)
the king's ability to tax, imprison citizens without cause, quarter troops, and institute martial law
What is one thing that Peter the Great did to introduce Western culture to Russia?
men had to shave their beards and shorten their coats, upper-class women were allowed to remove their traditional face coverings
What are two examples of Baroque composers?
Johan Sebastian Bach & George Frideric Handel
an artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements
baroque
What issues did Philip II leave Spain with when his reign ended?
he bankrupted the nation spending too much on war, the armed forces were out of date, and the government was inefficient
What actions did Oliver Cromwell take when he took control of the English government? (list 3)
he purged Parliament of members who didn't support him, and executed Charles I, and established England as a commonwealth
What are the names of the two ministers that ruled for Louis XIII and Louis XIV because they were boys when they came into power?
Cardinal Richelieu & Cardinal Mazarin
What are the two London theaters that were significant during this time? Which was for the upper class & which was for the lower class?
the Globe Theatre - lower class
Blackfriars - upper class
the independence of a state combined with the right and power of regulating itself without foreign interference
national sovereignty