Which type of volcanism produces the most lava annually?
What is divergent?
100
Definition:
Unusually hot are in Earth’s mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface
What is a hot spot?
100
Definition:
Opening in earth’s crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface
What is a vent?
100
Definition:
A substance internal resistance to flow
What is viscosity?
100
Definition:
Bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano
What is a crater?
200
Definition:
Describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam
What is volcanism?
200
Define Fissures
long cracks in Earth’s crust
200
Define Tephra
rock fragments, classified by size, that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the ground
200
Define a pyroclastic flow
swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic material produced by a violent eruption
200
Definition:
A tube like structure that allows lava to reach the surface
What is a conduit?
300
Definition:
Coarse-grained, irregularly shaped, igneous rock mass that covers at least 100 km squared; generally forms 10-30 km below Earth’s surface; and is common in the interior of major mountain chains
What is a batholith?
300
Definition:
Irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller, generally forms 5-30 km beneath Earth’s surface, and cuts across older rock
What is a stock?
300
Definition:
Relatively small, mushroom-shaped pluton that forms when magma intrudes into parallel rock layers close to Earth’s surface
What is a laccolith?
300
Definition:
Large crater , up to 100 km in diameter, that can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption
What is caldera?
300
Definition:
Pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks and often forms when magma invades cracks in surrounding rick bodies
What is a dike?
400
Definition:
Huge amounts of lava that erupt from fissures
What is flood basalts?
400
What causes the magma to rise upward in a mantle plume?
What is magma is less dense than the surrounding area?
400
True or false
An increase in temperature increases a magma’s viscosity
false
400
Where do most volcanoes form?
What are plate boundaries?
400
Definition:
Pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel rock layers
What is a sill?
500
What ocean is surrounded by the ring of fire?
What is Pacific Ocean?
500
Definition:
intrusive igneous rock body, including batholiths, stocks, sills, and dikes, formed through mountain-building process and oceanic- oceanic collisions; can be exposed at Earth’s surface due to uplift and erosion
What is a pluton?
500
Define a shield volcano
broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers
500
Define a cinder cone
steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent
500
Define a composite volcano
generally cone-shaped with concave slopes: built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers