A
What hormones are produced by interstitial endocrine cells of the testes?
Androgens
Which hormone is responsible for ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, secretion of progesterone, and secretion of testosterone?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is a decrease in number of hormone receptors?
Down-regulation
What amino acid is the building block of thyroid hormones?
Tyrosine (which is contained by thyroglobulin molecules)
What part of the brain is attached to the pituitary gland and has both endocrine and nervous system function?
Hypothalamus
What class of hormones are catecholamines?
Amino acid derivatives
What type of intercellular communication occurs when adjacent cells coordinate cellular activities by exchanging ions and molecules across gap junctions?
Direct communication
In what structure of the sphenoid bone would you find the pituitary gland (Hypophysis)?
Sella turcica
What type of intercellular communication occurs when neurons release a neurotransmitter at a synapse very close to cells that have appropriate receptors?
Synaptic communication
Which common hormone is produced by nurse cells of the testes and follicular cells in the ovaries?
Inhibin
The production of which two hormones would be adversely affected if our diets were low in iodine? (Hint: They are produced by thyroid gland follicular epithelium)
T3 (Triiodothyronine) & T4 (Thyroxine)
Which hormone stimulates the contraction of uterus during labor, the ejection of milk in females (milk let-down reflex), and stimulates sexual arousal in both sexes?
Oxytocin
What does the hypothalamus-produced releasing hormone do?
Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones from anterior lobe
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) produced by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of which hormone from the anterior pituitary?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - Secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone, & cortisone)
Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone)?
Zona glomerulosa
What are two groups of lipid derivative hormones?
Eicosanoids & steroid hormones
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of which two hormones from the anterior pituitary?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What are the 3 classes of hormones?
Amino acid derivatives, Peptide hormones, & Lipid derivatives
Which hormone is released in response to low blood volume and blood pressure, and high solute concentration in blood, and also stimulates kidneys to retain water? and too little of it is also associated with diabetes insipidus?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
1. What is a second messenger?
2. What are the 3 important second messengers?
1. Intermediary molecule that appears due to the hormone-receptor interaction
2. cAMP, cGMP, Calcium ions
What two hormones are produced by the kidneys and what are their functions?
Erythropoietin (EPO) – Stimulates bones marrow to produce red blood cells
Calcitriol – Stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption; stimulates Ca2+ release from bone; inhibits PTH secretion
1. Humoral stimuli – changes in the composition of the extracellular fluid (such as levels of nutrients, ions, etc.)
2. Hormonal stimuli – arrival or removal of another hormone
3. Neural stimuli – a stimulation by neurotransmitters at a neuroglandular junction
What two hormones are produced by the heart and what are their functions?
Natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) – Increases water and salt loss at kidneys; decrease thirst; suppress secretion of ADH and aldosterone
Which two catecholamine hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
What four types of cells are located in the pancreatic islets (aka Islets of Langerhans) and what do these cells produce?
1. Alpha cells (Glucagon)
2. Beta cells (Insulin)
3. Delta cells (Somatostatin (GH-IH))
4. Pancreatic polypeptide cells (Pancreatic polypeptide PP)