Vocab
Excommunicate
To cast out from the church
What were the Crusades?
A series of holy wars between Christians and Muslims
They feared that they would not get into heaven.
Who fought in the Hundred Years' War?
France & England
Name of the peasant girl who fought for France.
Joan of Arc
Clergy
Church Officials
The religious leader that called for all Christians to join the Crusades.
Pope Urban II
Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV disputed over...
Who should pick the bishops.
The name of the deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 - 1351.
Black Death
Black Plague
Bubonic Plague
What three groups were punished because of their beliefs in the Middle Ages?
1. Muslims
2. Jews
3. Heretics
Friars
People who belonged to religious order but lived and worked among the general public
1. Reclaim the Holy Land
2. Reunite Christians
Who established some of the first universities? What were 2 subjects that were taught?
Churches established some of the first universities.
Religion, law, medicine, and astronomy. Taught in Latin.
Why did the church try to suppress opposition?
They did not want to lose their power.
Why did Christians blame Jewish people for the Black Plague?
Jewish people did not drink from the public water wells so Christians believed that they were poisoning them.
Heresy
Ideas that oppose accepted church teaching
What crusade was the Saladin involved in?
The Third Crusade
Why were people unhappy with the church?
They believed that the church had become corrupt. Focused more on wealth/power over spiritual matters.
List the FOUR major principals found in the Magna Carta.
1. Limited Government
2. The Rule of Law
3. Individial Rights
4. Shared Power
How did the high death toll of the Black Death impact European society?
The Feudal System died out because there weren't enough people to contribute to it.
Parliament
Law-making body that governs England today
Give TWO effects of the Crusades:
Political, economic, social, & religious.
Political: Crusades lessened the power of the Pope and increased the power of Europe's kings
Economic: The Crusades increased trade around Europe and the Middle East
Social: The Crusades allowed greater cultural diffusion and promoted travel.
Religious: The Crusades increased tension between Muslim and Christian groups.
What are the names of the two religious orders that rose in the early 1200s?
Franciscans & Dominicans
What was the Reconquista/Reconquest?
The effort to retake Spain from the Moors.
(Christians trying to retake Spain from Muslim groups.)
Who conquered Edessa from the Christians in the 2nd Crusade?
The Turks