The Byzantines
The Byzantines are often thought of as the last bastion of what empire?
Roman
This gentleman was christened emperor in 962 C.E. It is important, because he was the founder of the Holy Roman Empire.
Otto of Saxony
What lead to the population increase in Europe? It occurred in China, India, and the Islamic World as well?
Increased Agricultural Production
Holy rituals that bring spiritual blessings on observants.
Sacraments
Huge expeditions led by Christians to recapture Palestine.
Crusades
The Byzantine empire was being attacked from two fronts. Who was a threat on their western front?
Normans
Who held superior power between the popes and the emperors they crowned?
Neither, they both needed each other.
Prior to 1,000 C.E. most Europeans' diets consisted of products made from _______?
Grain
Human beings who had led exemplary lives that god held in special esteem. It was believed that Christians at the time were expected to be devoted to them.
Saints
This pope was responsible for launching the first Crusade in 1095. He spoke of it during the Council of Clergy.
Pope Urban II
Who was threatening the eastern border of the Byzantine Empire at this time?
Turkish peoples
This king questioned the pope's orders and had his subjects freed by the pope to fight against him.
Henry IV
The process of people from the countryside moving into growing cities is called?
Urbanization
She was considered the most important saint during the middle ages, for her contributions to Christianity, which may not have existed otherwise.
Virgin Mary
Though the crusaders were able to capture cities at the beginning, it was hardly due to their own prowess. Instead?
The opposing forces were often caught off-guard/ were in disarray.
This area of the Byzantine Empire was known as the bread basket. Turks plundered it ruthlessly and marked the beginning of the end.
Anatolia
This man was known as ___________, but his real name was Frederick Barbarossa.
Red Beard
When there is an abundance of food, people can diversify and enter other career fields. Name one that we saw in Europe when food became prominent.
Artisans, Craftsmen, Merchants, Scholars
A religious voyage made by practicing followers to honor their religion and the people and places associated with it.
Pilgrimage
Following the First Crusade, how many "successful" crusades followed?
0
What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire? It is famous for its walls.
Constantinople
Despite the name of the Holy Roman Empire, it was neither ____________ or ____________.
Holy nor Roman
This organization was similar to a union. It protected workers and assured customers that a craftsman associated with them met or exceeded certain quality standards.
Guilds
belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine
Heresy
Inflicted the most casualties on Christians during the crusades? Especially at the beginning...
Crusaders