Key Terms
What is the functional unit of the kidney that filters the blood?
Nephron
What is a bacterial infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney that results in painful burning during urination and the frequent feeling of needing to urinate?
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
What is a condition in which the bladder is not fully emptied during urination?
Urinary retention
What is a type of urinary tract infection that causes inflammation of the kidney?
Pyelonephritis
What is an artificial means of removing the body’s waste products when the kidneys are no longer able to function properly?
Dialysis
What is a mass of capillaries within a nephron (in the kidneys) where blood filtration occurs (plural: glomeruli)?
Glomerulus
What is a thin tube inserted into the body to drain or inject fluids?
Catheter
What is a partial or complete blockage of urine?
Urinary obstruction
What is a condition in which the glomeruli, the masses of capillaries within the nephrons of the kidneys that filter blood, become inf lamed; also called nephritis or nephrotic syndrome?
Glomerulonephritis
What is a connection between a vein and an artery?
Arteriovenous fistula
What is the rate at which the kidneys filter blood?
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
What is a life-threatening condition caused by the body’s response to an infection?
Sepsis
What is a condition in which nerve impulses do not stimulate the bladder to contract and release?
Neurogenic bladder
What is a condition in which a blockage of arteries in the kidneys causes high blood pressure?
renovascular hypertension
What is the most common type of kidney cancer?
Renal cell cancer
What is a physician who diagnoses and treats kidney disorders?
Nephrologist
What is a condition that causes chronic bladder inflammation, resulting in pain and difficulty with urination?
Interstitial cystitis (IC)
What is the condition of having kidney stones (stones that form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys)?
Nephrolithiasis
What is the sudden onset of kidney failure as a result of injury from disease, trauma, or toxins; also called acute kidney failure?
Acute renal failure (ARF)
What is test performed on urine to identify microorganisms present and to aid in antibiotic selection?
Culture and sensitivity test
A physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the bladder and urethra and of the male reproductive system?
Urologist
What is the inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involutory loss of urine?
Urinary incontinence
What is a condition in which the kidneys are covered with many fluid-filled cysts?
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
What is a condition that occurs when the kidneys cannot eliminate certain waste products from the body; also called chronic kidney failure or chronic kidney disease?
Chronic renal failure (CRF)
What is a urine specimen that can be collected any time a person voids?
Routine urine specimen