Lesson 1
What tribes moved in and took over areas in the Western Roman Empire?
Germanic tribes.
Who did Charlemagne depend on to act as his chief representatives? What did they do?
Counts, or German noblemen. Each count was in charge of a local area of land.
Who brought England under one rule? What did he call England?
Alfred the Great and he called England Land of the Angles.
What is a lord?
A high ranking noble who protects the vassal and has more land and wealth than knights.
A political order; under feudalism, nobles governed and protected people in return for services.
What was one of these Germanic tribes?
The kingdom of the Franks.
What else did Charlemagne start?
The missi dominici, two messengers went out to local districts to check on the counts. They would report to the kind and let him know if the counts were carrying out his orders.
What happened in 1066?
William the Conqueror defeated the Anglo-Saxons and was crowned King of England after winning the Battle of Hastings.
What is a vassal?
A low ranking noble who served a lord and his lord in battle.
Where do the knights and townspeople meet?
In the House of Commons.
What countries did the Pyrenees Mountains stretch through?
Present-day France and Germany.
What did the Pope do with Charlemagne?
Charlemagne became emperor of the Romans in 800 and was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III. A German was crowned to lead the Roman Empire. The coronation symbolized the coming together of Roman, Christian and German ideas.
Who expanded the royal courts?
King Henry II expanded the power of the royal courts by sending judges throughout the kingdom.
What is a knight?
A lower ranking vassal, armed warriors who fought on horseback and followed the code of chivalry.
Where did the noblemen and bishops gather?
The House of Lords.
What other name did Charlemagne, the new King of Franks, have? Who was before Charlemagne?
Charles the Great was Charlemagne's other name. Clovis was the king of the Franks before Charlemagne, he was the first Germanic ruler to accept Catholic Christianity.
What did Charlemagne promote in his kingdom?
Learning, he wanted to make sure the government had literate officials and the church educated clergy. His effort to promote learning was the Carolingian Renaissance.
What happened in 1215?
A group of nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, a document that limited his power.
What are the two types of peasants?
Serfs: tied to the manor, couldn't own property, get married or move
The Magna Carta and Parliament (we don't need to know Parliament) were the first steps towards what?
A democratic government.
What did Charlemagne do during his time as a ruler?
He expanded the territory of the Franks and built and Empire known as the Carolingian Empire. It was the largest empire of all time.
Who was after Clovis?
Charles "The hammer" Martel became mayor. He wanted to restore order and strengthen Catholic Christianity. He also defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours.
What did the Magna Carta guarantee?
It guaranteed what are now thought to be basic rights in England and the United States.
Why did trade resume after feudalism began?
People grew wealthy and were able to trade.
What are guilds?
Guilds are an organized group, they set standards and prices of the quality of products.