ATP
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
What are the 3 types of chemical reactions?
decomposition, synthesis, exchange
Name the 4 types of organic molecules.
carbohydrate, lipid, proteins, nucleic acids
Ionic, covalent, hydrogen
What are the 3 major monosaccharides?
glucose, galactose, fructose
What process can produce energy without oxygen?
anaerobic fermentation
decomposition reaction
What are the 3 major disaccharides, and what monosaccharides make up each of them?
sucrose=glucose+fructose, lactose=glucose+galactose, maltose=glucose+glucose
Name the 5 types of covalent bonds.
single, double, triple, non polar, polar
What is the role of the fatty acid derivative, prostaglandin?
inflammation, blood clotting, hormone action, labor contractions, control of blood vessel diameter
Both anaerobic fermentation and aerobic respiration begin with what step?
glycolysis (split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid)
What is a common example of a reversible reaction that occurs in the body?
bicarbonate buffer system
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
saturated cannot accept anymore hydrogen atoms (carbons are full)
unsaturated have C=C, which means more hydrogen could be bonded
What covalent bond is not seen in the human body?
Triple covalent bond.
How many amino acids are there in the body?
20
What is attached to ADP during glucose oxidation in order to recycle ATP?
inorganic phosphate
What 3 factors will speed up a reaction?
concentration (of reactants), temperature, catalyst
What enzyme is responsible for hydrolysis?
lipase
Shapes complex molecules like proteins, DNA
What steroid is produced by animals, but not humans?
Cholesterol
What is the NET (total) yield of ATP for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic respiration?
2, 32
An enzyme (catalyst) is introduced to a slow reaction in order to speed it up. Will the reaction produce more or less energy than if no enzyme was introduced?
It will produce the same amount. Catalysts only speed up the process, they don't change the amount of product.
Name the 4 types of protein structures, in order from simple to complex.
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
What type of bond does CO2 have?
double covalent bond
A patient has a high fever. Why could this be dangerous for enzymatic functions?
Heat denatures enzymes, so substrates will no longer be able to bind.