Cells
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
It acts as the control center of the cell and contains DNA
DNA stores the instructions needed to make what?
Proteins
Where are chromosomes found in a cell?
In the nucleus
What are the two main parts of the cell cycle?
Interphase and mitosis
What is cytokinesis?
The process where the cell membrane pinches off at the equator, forming two new cells
What organelle is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell?
The mitochondria
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
The sugar-phosphate backbone
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
What is interphase?
The part of the cell cycle when a cell carries out its regular functions and makes more organelles and proteins
What happens during prophase?
Chromatids condense into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane starts to break down
What small vesicles in a cell contain enzymes to digest molecules and debris?
Lysosomes
Which nitrogen-containing base pairs with thymine in DNA?
Adenine
What are duplicated chromosomes called during interphase?
Chromatid
Name the three phases of interphase.
G1, S, G2
During which phase of mitosis do nuclear membranes start to form around each set of chromosomes?
Telophase
Where are proteins made in the cell?
Ribosomes
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
A double helix
What is a chromosome?
A tightly packed portion of DNA found in the nucleus of cells.
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
What does the mitotic spindle do?
It guides the cell’s chromosomes during cell division
What structure guides the cell’s chromosomes during cell division?
The mitotic spindle or mitotic fibers
Name all four nitrogen-containing b ases in DNA.
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
What happens to the chromosomes during metaphase?
They line up along the equator of the cell
What are the four continuous phases of mitosis in order?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
In what phase of the cell cycle does the cell replicate twice as much DNA as normal?
S phase (part of interphase)