1
2
3
4
5
100
Most all rocks in Florida are sedimentary rocks. Which of the following best explains the absence of igneous and metamorphic rock in Florida?
A. Florida's geological history lacks significant volcanic activity and tectonic plate movements.
B. Florida's climate is too humid for igneous and metamorphic rocks to form.
C. The presence of large bodies of water prevents the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
D. Florida's soil composition is unsuitable for the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
A
Florida's geological history lacks significant volcanic activity and tectonic plate movements.
100
What area would you expect to find sedimentary rocks forming?
A. a volcano
B. a shallow sea
C. deep beneath Earth's surface
D. at the top of a mountain
B
a shallow sea
100
What kind of rock forms deep below Earth's surface?
A. extrusive igneous
B.sedimentary
C. metamorphic
D. minerals
C
metamorphic
100
Which type(s) of rock can form underground due to heat?
A. igneous only
B. metamorphic only
C. sedimentary and igneous
D. metamorphic and igneous
D
metamorphic and igneous
100
What type(s) of rock can form directly from melted rock materials?
A. igneous only
B. sedimentary only
C. metamorphic only
D. igneous and sedimentary
A
igneous only
200
Which type of rock formed by deposition?
A. extrusive igneous
B. intrusive igneous
C. sedimentary
D. metamorphic
C
sedimentary
200
Which statement describes how sedimentary rocks form?
A. Melted rock material cools and crystalizes.
B. Pieces of broken rocks and minerals get compacted and cemented together.
C. Rocks are eroded by weathering and end up as silt at the bed of a river or stream.
D. Rocks of any type grow new minerals, become denser or form alternating bands of light and dark minerals.
B
Pieces of broken rocks and minerals get compacted and cemented together.
200
Abby has been assigned to use common materials to model Earth's layers. Which would be a good way to model Earth's crust?
A Pour water in a beaker.
B Break a cracker into several pieces.
C A thick layer of aluminum foil.
D Heat a candle until it melts and flows.
B
Break a cracker into several pieces.
200
Imagine that a body of sedimentary rock is buried deep below the surface and melts due to the high temperature. What must happen next in order for the rock to become an igneous rock?
A. The melted material must become cooler and crystalized.
B. It must grow new mineral crystals and become harder.
C. It must develop bands of alternating light and dark minerals.
D. The melted material must become compacted and cemented together.
A
The melted material must become cooler and crystalized.
200
Which of the following statements comparing the Earth's mantle and core is correct?
A. The mantle is solid and rigid, while the core is entirely liquid.
B. The mantle is warmer than the core, with temperatures exceeding 5,000oC.
C. The mantle is responsible for moving the Earth's crust due to convection, while the core generates the Earth's magnetic field.
D. The mantle is responsible for generating most of the Earth's heat, while the core generates magma for recycling rocks.
C
The mantle is responsible for moving the Earth's crust due to convection, while the core generates the Earth's magnetic field.
300
Lupita is writing a description of Earth's layers. Which statement correctly describes the outer core and inner core?
A. The outer core is Earth's outermost layer. The inner core is the innermost layer.
B. The outer core is Earth's thickest layer. The inner core is the thinnest layer.
C. The outer core is dense and rocky. The inner core has convection currents.
D. The outer core is made of liquid metals. The inner core is made of solid metals.
D
The outer core is made of liquid metals. The inner core is made of solid metals.
300
Terrell used syrup to model Earth's outer core. Evaluate Terrell's model. Is it accurate?
A. The model is accurate because the outer core is made of organic materials.
B. The model is accurate because the outer core is made of molten metals.
C. The model is not accurate because the outer core is solid and rocky.
D. The model is not accurate because scientists do not know the composition of the outer core.
B
The model is accurate because the outer core is made of molten metals.
300
In what way do convection currents move material in Earth's mantle?
A. from the crust inward towards the core
B. from the core outward towards the crust
C. in a large circle around the Earth
D. in circles based on heat and density
D
in circles based on heat and density
300
How do weathering and erosion work together in the rock cycle?
A. weathering breaks down rocks, and erosion transports the particles
B. erosion breaks down rocks, and weathering transports the particles
C. both processes break down rocks but do not transport particles
D. both processes transport particles but do not break down rocks
A
weathering breaks down rocks, and erosion transports the particles
300
Scientist discover a natural marble mine in a remote area of central Alabama. Marble is metamorphic rock made of limestone. Limestone is a sedimentary rock made from shells and dead sea organisms. Based on the scientific knowledge of how marble is created, which of the following would be a supported inference?
A. The climate in Alabama use to be much warmer.
B. That area of Alabama was once underwater.
C. There is a volcanic vent in Alabama.
D. Alabama contains a large variety of natural resources.
B
That area of Alabama was once underwater.
400
The diagram below shows the order of events in the rock cycle. Which process occurs at position 2 in the cycle?
A
weathering and erosion
B
cooling and crystallization
C
compaction and cementation
D
high temperature and pressure
A
weathering and erosion
400
The diagram shows two hypotheses for the same process that occurs beneath Earth's surface.
Which of the following processes is represented by these hypotheses?
A
convection current movement in Earth's mantle
B
plate movements in Earth's outer core
C
layer separation in Earth's inner core
D
rock formation in Earth's lithosphere
A
convection current movement in Earth's mantle
400
Two groups of students hypothesized that rocks on Earth's surface are damaged by acid rain.
* Group X tested the hypothesis by examining properties of some rocks and pouring a weak acid, vinegar, on each of the rocks.
* Group Y later repeated the same procedure with a different group of rocks.
The rocks used for the investigations and the results from each student group are shown below.
Which of the following best describes an advantage Group X has over Group Y in supporting the hypothesis?
A. Group X tested the rocks before Group Y did.
B. Group X tested more rocks that are smoother.
C. Group X tested rocks with a greater average mass.
D. Group X tested a greater variety of rocks than Group Y did.
D
Group X tested a greater variety of rocks than Group Y did.
400
Below is a data chart on heat and pressure below the Earth's surface.
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between heat and pressure below the Earth's surface?
A. As depth increases, both heat and pressure decrease.
B. As depth increases, heat decreases while pressure increases.
C. As depth increases, heat increases while pressure remains constant.
D. As depth increases, both heat and pressure increase.
D
As depth increases, both heat and pressure increase.
400
Chao modeled Earth's continents in a drawing, as shown below.
Which layer of Earth is Chao modeling?
A. crust
B. inner core
C. mantle
D. outer core
A
crust
500
Earth is made up of several distinct layers. A few facts about each layer are listed in the table
Given the information in the table, what is the best explanation for why the inner core is solid?
A. The immense pressure from the other layers causes it to be solid despite the heat.
B. The high temperature of the sulfur present in the layer causes it to be a solid.
C. All of Earth's layers are solids because of the compounds they are made of.
D. This layer is solid because it is the thickest of all of the layers of the planet.
A
The immense pressure from the other layers causes it to be solid despite the heat.
500
The rock cycle describes how the three main types of rocks form due to processes occurring both above and below Earth's surface.
Which answer choice correctly lists the types of rocks that form as they travel the outside path of the rock cycle shown, starting at position 1?
A. Magma, igneous rock, sediments, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock
B. Igneous rock, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, magma, sediments.
C. Magma, metamorphic rock, sediments, sedimentary rock, igneous rock
D. Sediments, sedimentary rock, igneous rock, metamorphic rock, magma.
A
Magma, igneous rock, sediments, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock
500
The diagram below shows the order of events in the rock cycle. Which process occurs at position 3 in the cycle?
A. weathering and erosion
B. cooling and crystallization
C. compaction and cementation
D.high temperature and pressure
C
compaction and cementation
500
Miguel is drawing a model of Earth's layers using the following key.
Which layers are modeled by symbol A?
A. crust and outer core
B. crust and inner core
C. mantle and inner core
D. mantle and outer core
B
crust and inner core
500
Density is a measurement of how tightly packed material is in a given area. The table shows the densities of different layers of Earth.
What pattern, if any, do you see?
A
Density fluctuates with depth of Earth's layers.
B
Density increases with depth of Earth's layers.
C
Density decreases with depth of Earth's layers.
D
There is no pattern in the density of Earth's layers.
B
Density increases with depth of Earth's layers.