Energy & Elements
The capacity to do work or put matter into motion.
What is Energy?
he name for an atom that has gained or lost an electron and now carries an electrical charge.
What is an Ion?
These compounds, which include water and salts, do not contain carbon (with a few exceptions like CO2)
What are Inorganic Compounds?
The basic building block, or monomer, of a protein.
What is an Amino Acid?
The three components that make up a nucleotide, the monomer of nucleic acids.
What are a Nitrogen-containing Base, a Pentose Sugar, and a Phosphate Group?
The form of energy that is stored and inactive, such as energy stored in the chemical bonds of a sugar molecule.
What is Potential Energy?
The bond formed when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating charged ions that attract each other.
What is an Ionic Bond?
The term for a substance that releases (donates) hydrogen ions (H+) into a solution.
What is an Acid?
The process used to join monomers together to build polymers by removing a water molecule.
What is Dehydration Synthesis?
The nitrogenous base found in RNA that is not found in DNA.
What is Uracil (U)?
The four elements that make up about 96% of the human body's mass
What are Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N)?
The strongest type of bond, formed when atoms share electrons.
What is a Covalent Bond?
The most abundant and important inorganic compound in the body, accounting for 60-80% of the volume of most living cells.
What is Water?
The macromolecule whose primary function is to provide a readily usable source of cellular fuel.
What are Carbohydrates?
The molecule that is the universal energy currency of the body, which releases energy when its terminal phosphate bond is broken.
What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?
This subatomic particle has a positive charge and determines the element's atomic number.
What is a Proton?
The weakest chemical bond; it is vital for holding large biological molecules in their specific three-dimensional shape
What is a Hydrogen Bond?
A substance that takes up (accepts) hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.
What is a Base (or Alkali)?
The two main components of a triglyceride, which is the body's most efficient and compact form of stored energy.
What are Glycerol and three Fatty Acids?
The macromolecule that is the major structural component of the cell membrane, featuring a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
What is a Phospholipid?
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
What is the Mass Number?
The type of covalent bond that forms an electrically unbalanced molecule because electrons are shared unequally, creating two poles of charge.
What is a Polar Covalent Bond?
Chemical systems that resist changes in pH by releasing H+ when pH rises or binding H+ when pH drops.
What are Buffers?
Proteins that function as biological catalysts to increase the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
What are Enzymes
The type of nucleic acid that contains the genetic blueprint (instructions) and is found in the nucleus.
What is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)?