Genetic Foundations
This biological molecule carries hereditary information and has a ladder-like structure.
What is DNA?
This inheritance pattern occurs when one allele masks the expression of another.
What is dominant–recessive inheritance?
This chromosomal condition occurs when an individual has three copies of chromosome 21.
What is Down syndrome?
This process supports individuals or couples in understanding genetic risks and possible outcomes.
What is genetic counseling?
This concept includes income, education, and occupational prestige as key influences on development.
What is socioeconomic status (SES)?
These specialized cells contain half the usual number of chromosomes and unite at conception.
What are gametes?
An individual with one recessive allele who shows no symptoms fits this description.
What is a carrier?
This inherited condition results from repeated DNA sequences on the X chromosome and is a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability.
What is fragile X syndrome?
This visual tool is used to trace patterns of inherited traits across generations.
What is a pedigree?
This environmental condition increases children’s risk for health, cognitive, and academic challenges.
What is poverty?
This cellular process produces genetic diversity while maintaining the chromosome number across generations.
What is meiosis
This inheritance pattern results in a phenotype that falls between two traits.
What is incomplete dominance?
This metabolic disorder demonstrates how early environmental intervention can reduce severe developmental outcomes.
What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
This reproductive technology involves fertilization outside the body followed by implantation.
What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)?
This context shapes children’s daily experiences, learning opportunities, and long-term outcomes.
What are schools?
This term refers to a permanent change in a segment of DNA that may or may not have visible effects.
What is a mutation?
This pattern explains why certain genetic conditions affect males more frequently than females.
What is X-linked inheritance?
This form of chromosomal abnormality affects some but not all cells, often resulting in milder symptoms.
What is mosaicism?
This method allows pregnancy when male infertility or lack of a male partner is present.
What is donor insemination?
Supportive connections between families and communities promote development by reducing stress and increasing resources.
What is social support?
This concept explains how environmental conditions can influence gene activity without altering DNA sequence.
What is epigenetics?
Traits such as height, intelligence, and personality follow this inheritance pattern.
What is polygenic inheritance?
This concept helps explain why individuals with the same genetic condition may show different outcomes.
What is gene–environment interaction?
This ongoing debate surrounding reproductive technologies centers on access, equity, and definitions of disability.
What are ethical and social implications of reproductive technologies?
This theoretical framework explains development as occurring within multiple, interacting environmental systems.
What is ecological systems theory?