Chapter 2

Basic Chemistry

100

I am the number of protons present in an atom's nucleus.

Atomic Number

200

I am the amount of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus.

Atomic Weight

300

I'm a little tricky, I have the same chemical formula, but have a different structure. (Hint: different number of neutrons)

Isotope

400

This is the outermost lelectron shell where electrons generally participate in bond formation.

Valence shell

500

I am the distance between two bonded atoms: from the nucleus of one atom to the nucleus of another atom.

Bond Length

Types of Bonds

100

I like to share my electrons to make me and my attached atom happy.

Covalent Bond

200

This results in the gain or loss of electrons by an atom.

Ionic Bond

300

I can form single or double bonds and can be polar or nonpolar.

Covalent Bond

400

I form what you might call ions (cations or anions).

Ionic Bond

500

I am very weak and short-lived.

Hydrogen Bond

Important Terms

100

I am the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1 degree centigrade at sea level.

Kilocalorie

200

I do not like water and am uncharged. 

Hydrophobic

300

I love water and am charged. 

Hydrophilic

400

I release protons when dissolved in water. I have a pH below 7.

Acid

500

I accept protons when dissolved in water. I have a pH above 7.

Base

Macromolecules

100

I am the four macromolecules.

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, Fats/Lipids, Carbohydrates

200

My chemical formula is (CH2O)n. I am built from the simplest of sugars and can form glycosidic bonds.

Carbohydrates

300

You will find me in membranes, possessing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, and developing saturation and unsaturation on my hydrocarbon tails.

Lipids/Fats

400

I form from small subunits that contain different R groups.

Proteins

500

Without me, you wouldn't have DNA or RNA.

Nucleotides->Nucleic Acids

Miscellaneous

100

We consist of a five-membered ring attached to a six-membered ring and comprise a category of nucleotides known as purines.

A(Adenine) & G(Guanine)

200

We make up a category of nucleotides known as the pyrimidines and only have a single six-membered ring.

C(Cytosine), T(Thymine), & U(Uracil)

300

I contain a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar.

Nucleoside

400

I use water to break bonds. 

Hydrolysis

500

I am made up of small subunits of glucose and am used for energy storage in plants.

Starch