pH Scale
A pH level of 9 is classified as a ______.
Base.
This number of electrons makes an atom most stable.
8 (octet rule)
Which form of water (gas, liquid, ice) has the most hydrogen bonds?
Ice
Name the difference between a monomer and a polymer.
Monomers are one (building block)
Polymers are many (chain)
The term used to clasify "water-fearing" molecules.
Hydrophobic
Bleach has a ____ pH level.
Do covalent bonds share or transfer electrons to form a bond?
Share
Water is a universal ______. It can dissolve almost anything.
Solvent
What process do monomers go through to form polymers?
Dehydration synthesis
A buffer is a solution that contains both an ____ and a ____.
Acid, base
Solution A has a pH of 4 and Solution B has a pH of 6. Which solution is more acidic, and how many times more concentrated in H⁺ is it?
Solution A; 100× more acidic?
In this type of bond no electrons are being shared. They are the weakest bond.
Hydrogen Bonds
A water strider can walk across the surface of a pond because hydrogen bonding creates this property at the water's surface.
Surface tension
What are the three structural forms carbohydrates are found in?
Mono, di, and polysaccharides
What is a micelle?
Micelles are found in water; hydrophobic regions in center, hydrophilic regions outside
A solution has an H⁺ concentration of 1×10^-3 M. What is its pH?
3
An ionic bond produces ions. What are the two types of ions they produce?
Cation (+) and anion (-)
A pond can experience large changes in air temperature while its water temperature changes much more slowly. This property of water helps organisms survive these temperature fluctuations.
High specific heat
What bond is found between carbohydrates?
Glycosidic bonds
What is chitin?
A carbohydrate that is found in the hard exoskeleton of insects; polysaccharide.
Lemon juice has a pH of about 2, while pure water has a pH of 7. Which substance has the higher concentration of H⁺ ions?
Lemon juice.
A water molecule has 2- Hydrogen atoms and 1+ Oxygen molecule. What bond is found in this water molecule?
Polar Covalent
A molecule has many polar bonds but very little interaction with water because most of its structure is nonpolar. Would it be considered hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic
Glycogen is the stored version of what that supplies energy in animals?
Glucose
What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates?
C(n)H(2)O(n)