Neurons & Communication
What is the basic cell that transmits information in the nervous system?
Neuron
Which system includes the brain and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
What term describes the brain’s ability to change with experience?
Neuroplasticity
What do endocrine glands release into the bloodstream?
Hormones
What does “nature” refer to in psychology?
Genetics / heredity
Which part of the neuron receives incoming messages from other neurons?
Dendrites
Which system connects to the muscles, organs, and sensory receptors?
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Which brain system is most associated with emotions and motivation?
Limbic system
Which system uses chemical signals and works more slowly than the nervous system?
Endocrine system
What does “nurture” refer to?
Environment and experience
What chemical messengers cross the synapse between neurons?
Neurotransmitters
Which division of the PNS controls voluntary movement?
Somatic Nervous System
Which brain structure controls higher thinking and voluntary movement?
Cerebral cortex
Name ONE process influenced by hormones.
Growth, sleep, metabolism, stress, or mood
Most psychological traits are influenced by nature, nurture, or what?
Both
What is the tiny gap between neurons where communication occurs?
Synapse
Which autonomic division prepares the body for stress and action?
Sympathetic Nervous System
What did split-brain research reveal about the hemispheres?
They have specialized functions and can operate independently
Why do hormones usually have longer-lasting effects than neural signals?
They travel through the bloodstream and act more slowly
True or False: Having a gene for a disorder guarantees you will develop it.
False
Messages travel down which part of the neuron before neurotransmitters are released?
Axon
Which autonomic division calms the body and restores balance after stress?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Why does practice improve skills according to neuroscience?
Practice strengthens neural connections through neuroplasticity
Prolonged stress releases which hormones that can weaken the immune system?
Stress hormones such as cortisol
Which theory explains behaviors that exist because they helped humans survive?
Evolution / natural selection