Carbohydrates
A polymer whose subunits are monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds
What is a Polysaccharide?
A chemical bond, represented as —COO—, formed when an acid reacts with an alcohol
What is an Ester bond?
A test for the presence of reducing sugars; the unknown substance is heated with a reagent, and a change from a clear blue solution to the production of a yellow, red or brown precipitate indicates the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose
What is Benedict's test?
The compact structure of a protein molecule resulting from the three-dimensional coiling of the chain of amino acids
What is Tertiary structure?
Whose molecules have a relatively long, thin structure that is generally insoluble and metabolically inactive, and whose function is usually structural, e.g. keratin and collagen
What is a Fibrous protein?
A polysaccharide made from beta-glucose subunits; used as a strengthening material in plant cell walls
What is Cellulose?
Formed by the replacement of one of the fatty acid groups in triglycerol by an ionized phosphate group
What is a Phospholipid?
A chemical reaction in which a chemical bond is broken by the addition of a water molecule; commonly used to break down complex molecules into simpler molecules
What is Hydrolysis?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein
What is Primary structure?
The red pigment found in red blood cells, whose molecules contain four iron atoms within a globular protein made up of four polypeptides; it combines reversibly with oxygen
What is Hemoglobin?
A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharide joined together by a glycosidic bond
What is a Disaccharide?
A C-O-C link between two sugar molecules, formed by a condensation reaction; it is a covalent bond.
What is a Glycosidic bond?
A relatively weak bond formed by the attraction between a group with a small positive charge on a hydrogen atom and another group carrying a small negative charge, e.g. between two —O H groups
What is a Hydrogen bond?
A loose, sheet-like structure formed by hydrogen bonding between parallel polypeptide chains ; an example of secondary structure in a protein
What is Beta-pleated?
The main structural protein of animals; known as ‘white fibers,’ the fundamental unit of the fiber consists of three helical polypeptide chains wound around each other, forming a “triple helix’ with high tensile strength
What is Collagen?
A polysaccharide made of many glucose molecules linked together, that acts as a glucose stored in liver and muscle cells
What is Glycogen?
Type of lipid formed when three fatty acid molecules combine with glycerol, an alcohol with three hydroxyl (--OH) groups
What is a Triglyceride?
A chemical reaction involving the joining together of two molecules by removal of a water molecule
What is a Condensation reaction?
The three-dimensional arrangement of two or more polypeptides, or of a polypeptide and a non-protein component such as haem , in a protein molecule
What is Quaternary?
A protein whose molecules are folded into a relatively spherical, often has physiological roles and is often water-soluble and metabolically active, e.g. insulin, hemoglobin, myoglobin and enzymes
What is a Globular protein?
Two forms of the same chemical compound such as alpha and beta glucose
What is an Isomer?
The covalent bond joining neighboring amino acids together in proteins; it is a C–N link between two amino acid molecules, formed by a condensation reaction
What is a Peptide bond?
A test for the presence of amine groups and thus for the presence of protein; a reagent is added to the unknown substance, and a change from pale blue to purple indicates the presence of protein
What is the Biuret test?
A helical structure formed by a polypeptide chain, held in place by hydrogen bonds; an example of secondary structure in a protein
What is Alpha -helix?
A long chain of amino acids formed by condensation reactions between the individual amino acids.
What is a Polypeptide?