Macromolecules
What are the 4 Macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of what?
Matter
Name 3 properties of water.
Cohesion, adhesion, specific heat capacity, high surface tension, density and solubility.
Name a type of chemical bond.
Covalent, Ionic, polar covalent, metallic.
What is an intermolecular force?
Not a true bond, an attractive or repulsion force between nearby molecule.
What is the identifying feature of a carbohydrate?
In a carbon ring
What do atoms consist of?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
water forming beads on leaves; water creeping up the sides of a test tube.
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outer ring of an atom that is involved in chemical bonding.
What are the 2 types of intermolecular forces?
Hydrogen bonding and van der waals forces.
What is the main function of lipids in the human body?
Store energy
What is an isotope?
An atom of an element that has a different number of protons
Why is ice less dense than liquid water?
Because when water freezes the molecules expand, creating air pockets.
What is the difference between polar and non polar covalent bonds?
Electrons in polar bonds are not shared evenly throughout the molecule, where non polar electrons are.
Which intermolecular force is the strongest?
hydrogen bonding
What is an example of a key protein for life?
Enzymes
What is the difference between mass number and atomic mass?
Atomic mass is the average mass of all the atoms of that element, including isotopes. Mass number is the rounded whole number that indicated the mass of the most common isotope.
Why is high specific heat capacity important for the enviornment?
The temperature of the water does not change very much allowing fish to live in a consistent environment and not die.
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Ionic bonding is when electrons are transferred from one molecule to another, in covalent bonds electrons are shared. Also ionic-metal and non metal. Covalent, 2 non-metals
Why are water molecules able to bond with other water molecules?
Because of the opposite charges present in a water molecule. Hydrogens are attracted to the negative oxygen in water.
What are the three parts of a nucleic acid?
Phosphate group, 5 carbon ring, and nucleotide.
How many neutrons are in Cl-37?
37-17= 20
Explain the effect that ice melting in a river/lake has on the environment.
When ice melts, the cold water is actually more dense and sinks to the bottom, this allows for circulation of nutrients for the fish and keeps the lakes and rivers healthy.
Give an example of a polar covalent molecule, an ionic molecule, and a non-polar covalent molecule.
lots of options. H2O, NaCl, H2
Give an example of Van der waals forces in nature
A gecko walking on a smooth surface