Religion and rulers
Laid the foundations for a strong monarchy in England
William the conqueror
English document of 1215 considered to have laid the foundation for the individual rights of citizens
Magna Carta
The count of Paris who founded a new royal line
Hugh Capet
What new weapon gave the English an advantage during the Hundres Years War
Longbow
A commonly spoken language
Vernacular
Places for education and preservation of written works in Charlemagne's empire
Monasteries
Uniform Laws for all of England
Common law
The peasant girl did the French look to for leadership to defeat the English in the Hundred Years War
Joan Of Arc
A self-supporting estate during the Middle Ages
manor
Gothic architecture can be characterized by
flying buttresses, high ceilings, warmth and brightness
Pope that claimed supreme authority over the church and state
Innocent the III
A group of local citizens who accused criminals
Jury
A French official who collected taxes and attempted to ensure justice
Bailiff
People group who were accused of bringing the Black death
Jews
The new economic class that grew as a result of the Crusades and their contribution to the growth of towns
Middle class
Combined several Frankish kingdoms starting in 481
Clovis
The legal system under which judges heard cases in particular provinces
Circuit court
This person took power by working with an established Mongol state
Alexander Nevsky
The ability of the English Parliament to control the issuing of taxes is called the....
Power of the purse
In this code, knights are allowed to attack only one knight at a time
Code of Chivalry
Why did the political influence of the Catholic church decline in the later Middle ages
-There were many weak popes
-People were frustrated over the abuses in the church
-the Church could not prevent the spread of disease
-Kings took advantage of the weakness of the church to increase their own power
An accusation issued by a jury
indictment
A musical innovation was introduced by what two men
Leonin and Perotin
Yellow badges were used to identify what people group in the middle ages
Jews
What events contributed to the rise of Feudalism in Europe
-After Charlemagne died, empire was divided among sons
-lack of unification under strong leadership
-Europe was an easy target for foreign invaders
-Feudalism solved Europeans needs for protection and support