Atoms, Bonds, and Such
Where are the electrons located in an atom?
electron cloud
What property of water allows it to curve upwards when in a graduated cylinder?
Adhesion
What elements are found in nucleic acids?
CHONP
What macromolecule stores energy for a short period of time?
Carbohydrates
What does an enzyme do in a reaction?
Lowers the activation energy
What is the basic unit of matter?
Atom
What type of bond forms between the hydrogens and the oxygen in a single water molecule?
Covalent bond
Describe the overall structure of carbohydrate macromolecules
Rings that join to form long chains
What macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
Why are enzymes compared to a lock and key?
Specificity
What element has an atomic number of 6?
carbon
Why is water polar?
Unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and the hydrogen atoms
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base
What macromolecules makes waxy waterproof coatings?
lipids
What features of the enzyme allow it to be used over and over?
The active site does not change shape
What substance helps maintain level pH values?
Buffer
Why does the high heat capacity of water mean for aquatic organisms?
Regulates and slow changes in water temperature
Why are saturated fats solid at room temperature?
No double bonds means no angles in the fatty acid chain; this leads to straight tails that can stack
What specific macromolecule brings the directions for making proteins form the nucleus to the ribosomes?
mRNA
What kind of inhibitor changes the shape of the active site?
Allosteric or non-competitive inhibitor
What is special about the H+ and OH- concentrations at neutral?
They are equal
What allows solid water to float on liquid water?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the 3 groups found on a n amino acid?
R, amino, carboxyl
What is the function of ATP?
Energy storage for immediate use by the cell
Give an example of an Enzyme and what reaction it catalyzes
Catalase: hydrogen perioxide --> water + oxygen