Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Acids and Bases
Bonds
Terminology
Potpourri
100
The four most common elements in living organisms are:
O, C, H, N
100
Solution A has a pH of 3 and solution B has a pH of 5. Approximately how many more H+ ions does solution A have?
100X more
100
A covalent bond between two hydrogen molecules is what type of covalent bond?
Non-polar
100
Valence _______ is the outermost shell where electrons orbit.
Shell
100
During some chemical reactions, electrons can be transferred from one atom to another. ___________ is the gaining of electrons.
Reduction
200
An uncharged atom of phosphorus has now many electrons?
15
200
A substance with a pH of 2 is a strong acid or base?
Acid
200
Interaction between two water molecules.
Hydrogen
200
Valence ________ is number of electrons in outermost energy level (shell).
electrons
200
How many covalent bonds are formed if two atoms are sharing 4 electrons between them (like 2 oxygen atoms)?
Double bond
300
How many neutrons does an atom of sulfur have?
16
300
An acid is any substance that dissociates in water to ________ the H+ concentration.
increase
300
Interaction between two charged atoms or molecules like NaCl.
ionic
300
______ is the number of electrons needed to fill the valence (outermost) shell.
Valence
300
Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its _______________.
Hydrogen bonds
400
What is the atomic mass in Daltons of a hypothetical atom that has 10 electrons, 12 neutrons, and 12 protons?
24
400
___________ are substance that resists changes in pH.
Buffers
400
Sharing of electrons but unequally.
Polar covalent
400
_____ are atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons.
Ions
400
An ion is floating around in a solution of water. The oxygen in the water molecules are pointing towards the ion. What charge does this ion have.
Cation (positively charged)
500
An uncharged sulfur atoms has how many electrons?
16
500
Which functional group that we studied are found in amino acids and act as a base when added to water?
Amino Group
500
Interaction between two uncharged, non-polar molecules. Temporary polar charge due to random chance.
Van der Waals
500
List the bonds/interactions that we talked about in order of strength.
Covalent Ionic Hydrogen Van der Waals
500
What makes a molecule polar?
Unequal sharing of electrons due to differing electronegativity,