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Causes of Crime
Explanations
Theories
Theories Cont.
Misc.
100
What is classical criminology?
a school of criminology that views behavior as stemming from free will, demands responsibility and accountability of all perpetrators and stresses the need for punishments severe enough to deter others
100
An explanation in which physical traits distinguish criminals from law abiding citizens
What is biological explanations
100
Theory in which blame for crime is put on the existence of a powerless lower class that lives with poverty and deprivation and often turns to crime in reponse
Social Structure Theories
100
Theory saying criminal behavior occurs when the bonds that tie an individual to society are broken or weakened
What is control theories
100
Theories that identify factors affecting the start, duration, nature, and end of criminal behavior over the life of an offender
What is life course theories
200
Main principles of classical criminology?
Criminal behavior is rational, people may choose to commit a crime after weighing the costs and benefits of their actions, fear of punishment keeps people in check, punishment should fit the crime, criminal justice system must be predictable
200
What does criminogenic mean?
They are born criminals. Having factors thought to bring about criminal behavior in an individual
200
Theory in which criminality in seen as a normal behavior in the sense that everyone has the potential to become a criminal, depending on the influences that impel one toward or away from crime and how one is regarded by others
What is Social Process Theories
200
Theories that assume criminal law and the criminal justice system are primarily a means of controlling the lower classes, women and minorities
What is critical criminology
200
Theories are based off of men or women?
Men
300
A type of criminology in which people realized criminal law must take into account the differences among people
Neoclassical criminology
300
An explanation that emphasizes mental processes and behavior
Psychological Explanations
300
Theory in which criminal behavior is seen as learned
Learning Theory
300
Theories that view crime as the result of conflict in society, such as conflict between economic classes caused by elites using law as a means to maintain power
What is social conflict theories
300
What is important in explaining female criminality?
Social structure is important in explaining female criminality
400
A type of criminology that views behavior as stemming from social, biological and psychological factors; arguing the punishment should be tailored to the individual needs of the offender
Positivist Criminology
400
What is the psychoanalytic theory?
Explains criminal behavior as resulting from either an underdeveloped or an overdeveloped superego because the urges can't be controlled
400
Theory emphasizing the causes of criminal behavior are not found in the individual but in the social process that labels certain acts as deviant or criminal
Labeling theory
400
Theories that criticize existing theories for ignoring or undervaluing women's experiences as offenders, victims, and people subjected to decision making by criminal justice officials
What is feminist theories
400
What is an Anomie?
A breakdown or disappearance of the rules of social behavior
500
What are the main theories of positivist criminology?
human behavior is controlled by physical, mental and social factors not by free will, criminals are different from non criminals, and science can be used to discover the causes of crime and to treat deviants
500
An explanation that puts emphasis as causes of criminal behavior being the social conditions that bear on the individual
Sociological Explanations
500
Theory in which the belief is that people become criminals because they encounter more influences that view criminal behavior as normal and acceptable than they do influences that are hostile to criminal behavior
What is theory of differential association
500
Theories that combine differing theoretical perspectives into a larger model.
What is integrated theories
500
What group of people were viewed as moral offenders?
Females