Cognitive Dissonance and Conformity
This psychological state occurs when a person holds two conflicting beliefs or when behaviour contradicts attitudes, creating mental discomfort.
What is cognitive dissonance?
In Berry’s model, this acculturation strategy occurs when individuals maintain their original culture while also actively participating in the new host culture.
What is integration?
This cultural dimension describes societies where group harmony, loyalty, and shared goals are prioritised over personal achievement.
What is collectivism?
This psychologist demonstrated that children could learn aggressive behaviour simply by observing an adult model act violently toward a toy.
Who is Albert Bandura?
This process in Social Identity Theory explains how individuals categorize themselves and others into groups such as “us” and “them.”
What is social categorization?
In Festinger and Carlsmith’s study, participants who were paid only $1 reported the task as more enjoyable, demonstrating this method of reducing dissonance.
What is changing one’s attitude / belief?
This acculturation strategy occurs when individuals adopt the host culture and largely abandon their original cultural identity.
What is assimilation?
Bond and Smith found that participants from collectivist cultures showed higher conformity than those from individualist cultures, demonstrating this cultural dimension.
What is collectivism vs individualism?)
In Social Learning Theory, this type of learning occurs when behaviour is acquired by watching others rather than through direct experience.
What is observational learning?/modeling?
This stage of Social Identity Theory involves adopting the norms, values, and behaviours of the group to which a person belongs.
What is social identification?
This form of social influence occurs when individuals adjust their behaviour or thinking to match a group standard.
What is conformity?
According to Berry, this strategy occurs when individuals maintain their original culture but avoid interaction with the host society.
What is separation?
This compliance principle states that people are more likely to obey when instructions come from a legitimate authority figure.
What is the authority principle?
In Bandura’s Bobo Doll study, children who observed an aggressive model were more likely to act aggressively themselves, showing which step of his model?
What is reproduction?
This concept describes the tendency to view members of an out-group as more similar to each other than they really are.
What is the out-group homogeneity effect?
In Asch’s line judgement experiments, some participants knowingly gave the wrong answer to avoid standing out or being rejected by the group, demonstrating this type of social influence.
What is normative social influence?
Choy et al.’s meta-analysis found that this acculturation strategy was most strongly associated with higher depressive symptoms compared to the others.
What is marginalisation?
In Milgram’s study, participants often experienced distress yet continued administering shocks, showing the powerful effect of this type of social influence over personal moral judgement.
What is obedience (obedience to authority)?
This key factor in Social Learning Theory refers to the person whose behaviour is observed and copied by others.
What is a model?
In Cialdini’s famous study, students were more likely to wear university colours and say “we won” after a football victory, demonstrating this self-esteem boosting behaviour.
What is BIRGing, or Basking in Reflected Glory?
Leon Festinger’s famous study of a doomsday cult that explored how people cope when beliefs are disconfirmed was later published under this book title.
What is “When Prophecy Fails”?
Choy et al. analysed data from over 60,000 migrants across multiple studies, finding that integration strategy was linked to the lowest levels of depression and better psychological adjustment because it was lowest in this.
What is acculturative stress?
In Milgram’s experiment, this % of participants continued to the maximum 450 volts despite hearing the learner’s distress, demonstrating the strength of this behavioural outcome.
What is 65%?
In Bandura’s research, children were more likely to imitate behaviour when they saw the model being rewarded rather than punished, demonstrating this type of indirect learning.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
According to Social Identity Theory, this motivation drives people to compare their in-group favourably against out-groups to maintain or enhance self-esteem.
What is positive distinctiveness?