Empiricism
a procedure for using empirical evidence to establish facts
Scientific Method
a description of a property in measurable terms
Operational Definition
properties that can have more than one value
Variables
Most people surround themselves with others who believe the ___BLANK___ things they believe and want the ___BLANK___ things they want
Same
Which major historical event prompted psychologists and scientists to establish formal codes for research ethics
World War II
explanations of natural phenomena
Theories
technique for gathering information by unobtrusively observing people in their natural environments
Naturalistic Observation
a relationship between variables in which variations in the value of one variable are synchronized with variations in the value of the other
Correlation
our beliefs color our view of new evidence, causing us to see what we __BLANK___ to see
Research should be ___BLANK___, which means that it should attempt to maximize benefits and reduce risks to the participant
Beneficent
the conviction that accurate knowledge of the world can be acquired by observing it
Empiricism
a detector’s ability to detect the presence of differences or changes in the magnitude of a property
Power
mathematical measure of both the direction and strength of a correlation
Correlation Coefficient
first rule of critical thinking is this
Doubt your own conclusions
a verbal agreement to participate in a study made by an adult who has been informed of all the risks that participation may entail
Informed Consent
a falsifiable prediction made by a theory
hypothesis
a mathematically defined distribution in which the frequency of measurements is highest in the middle and decreases symmetrically in both directions.
Normal Distribution
a technique for establishing the causal relationship between variables
Experimentation
Second rule is to consider what you ___BLANK___
Don't See
a verbal description of the true nature and purpose of a study.
Debriefing
Greek word for doctors that thought the best way was to examine sick people
Empeirikos
the tendency for observers’ expectations to influence both what they believe they observed and what they actually observed
Observer Bias
a problem that occurs when anything about a participant determines the value of the independent variable to which the participant was exposed
Self-selection
Original name for scientific method
Baconian Method
Group of instructors, researchers, university staff, and laypeople from the community that are hired by a university to ensure research projects are following ethical rules
Institutional Review Board (IRB)