MINERALS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
THE ROCK CYCLE
100
The color of a mineral's powder
Streak
100
Igneous rocks that form outside the surface from lava
Extrusive
100
The process by which sediment settles out of the wind or water carrying it
Deposition
100
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Heat and/or pressure
100
Rocked formed from melting and solidification
Igneous
200
How can you determine the hardness of a mineral?
Scratch it against a glass plate (hardness=5.5). If the mineral scratches the glass, the mineral is hard
200
Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface typically have what crystal size?
Large crystals
200
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together
Cementation
200
Type of foliation where pressure separates minerals into alternating light and dark layers
Banding
200
Driving forces (processes or mechanisms that create the different rock types)
1. Earth's Interior
2. Insolation from the sun
3. Gravity
300
Physical and chemical properties of a mineral are determined by?
Internal arrangement of atoms
300
What is porphyritic texture?
Texture that contains large crystals in a fine-grained matrix
300
The size, shape and pattern of a rock's grains
Texture
300
What is the parent rock of gneiss?
Shale (sedimentary)
300
What are the 6 steps needed to form a sedimentary rock?
1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Deposition
4. Burial
5. Compaction
6. Cementation
400
Property of a mineral that results in irregular or uneven breaking
Fracture
400
Igneous rocks that are lighter in color are also less dense and have a ____________ composition
Felsic (rich in Si, Al)
400
Rock formed from the plant remains and/or former living things
Bioclastic
400
Process in which metamorphic rocks are formed over large areas due to temperature and pressure increases
Regional metamorphism
400
Any rock type (igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary) can be melted and solidified to form this type of rock
Igneous
500
Metallic or Nonmetallic?
Nonmetallic calcite
500
Scoria - extrusive, vesicular
500
If limestone reacts with acid, what do we know about its composition?
It must contain the mineral calcite or dolomite
500
Process in which preexisting rock changes when heat from magma or lava rearranges the minerals (NO PRESSURE)
Contact metamorphism
500
What is the rock cycle?
Model that is used to show how the different rock types are interrelated and the processes that create them