KEY TERMS
The uptake of medications for distribution in the body through or across tissues.
What is absorption?
The study of drugs, their uses, and their interactions with living systems.
What is Pharmacognosy?
The rate of absorption from fastest to slowest in this specific route is as follows:
Rectal > Nasogastric > Oral
What is Enteral route?
The reaction in the body: The drug has less effect than expected; body gets used to drug (may acquired or congenital)
Example: Need for increased dosage of opioids for relief pain.
What is tolerance?
Explanation of term: aid in diagnosing diseases, aid in examination of the patient, and permit discovery of the nature or extent of disease conditions
What is diagnostic?
The elimination of medication from the body through respiration, perspiration, urination, or defecation.
What is excretion?
The processing of drugs by the body.
What is Pharmacokinetics?
The rate of absorption from fastest to slowest in this specific route is as follows:
Intravenous > Intramuscular > Subcutaneous > Intradermal
What is Parenteral route?
The reaction in the body: Hypersensitivity to drug; body develops antigen-antibody reaction.
Example: Most common in allergic reaction to penicillin, including rash, difficulty breathing, and possible anaphylaxis
What is allergy?
Explanation of term: Destroy cells and tissues
What is destructive?
The study of poisonous effects of drugs.
What is toxicology?
The interaction of drugs and living tissues
What is Pharmacodynamics?
The rate of absorption from fastest to slowest in this specific route is as follows:
Inhalation (lungs) > Sublingual (tongue) > Transdermal (through skin) > Topical (on skin)
What is Percutaneous or mucosal route?
The reaction in the body: One drug promotes the rapid excretion of another, reducing the activity of the first.
Example: Taking a laxative with an antacid.
What is interference?
Explanation of term: Maintain homeostasis, relive symptoms, fight illness, and reverse disease processes
What is Therapeutic?
A severe allergic reaction, possibly fatal, to a drug that occurs a short time after the drug has been administered to a person who is hypersensitive to it.
What is anaphylaxis?
The effect of drugs in the treatment of disease.
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
In this specific route the time involved of absorption is several sec to several min, it is used for rapid effects.
An example would be: nitroglycerin for angina
What is sublingual route?
(Enteral Route)
The reaction in the body: The drug has stronger effect than expected because pervious dose has not been metabolized or excreted from the body.
Example: Hyperactivity cause by excessive caffeine ingestion.
What is Cumulation?
Explanation of term: Alter normal body function
What is Pharmacodynamic?
The combining of drugs to achieve the expected effect of each drug.
What is summation?
The poisonous effect of drugs on the body.
What is toxicology?
In this specific route the time involved of absorption is several min, it is used for local effects in spinal cord.
An example would be: spinal anesthesia, epidurals
What is Intrathecal?
(Percutaneous or Mucosal Route)
The reaction in the body: Drug produces different effect than expected
Example: Allergic reaction
What is idiosyncrasy?
Explanation of term: Prevent occurrence of illnesses or disease
What is prophylactic?