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Data in process
Technologies
Education, Awareness, and Training
Cybersecurity Policies and Procedures
ISO Cybersecurity Model
100

What is data in process?


Relates to data at the time of initial production, processing, modification, or input.


100

What is cloud-based technologies, and mention its services?

  • Cloud-based solutions assist in moving the organization's technological component to the cloud provider.
  • There are three main cloud-computing services:
    • Software as a Service (SaaS)
    • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
    • Platform as a Service (PaaS)
100

What is education awareness and training in organizations, its importance, and execution?

Even with the greatest investment in technology, a firm cannot reach the highest level of safety if its employees are its weakest link. Thus, the security awareness program of a business is essential. Employees may not intentionally be malevolent, but they may be ignorant of proper procedures.

100

Why is a security policy important?

A security policy is a set of goals for a company's security that includes system requirements and guidelines for administrators and users to follow.

100

What is ISO and IEC? And Explain ISO 27000 standards.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) / International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) developed a comprehensive framework to guide information security management. ISO/IEC 27000 is an information security standard published in 2005 and revised in 2013. The ISO 27000 standards describe how to set up an incredibly comprehensive information security management system (ISMS). An ISMS contains every operational, technological, and administrative control required to safeguard information within a company.

200

From where does the protection of data integrity start?


The protection of data integrity starts from the initial input of data.


200

What is network-based technologies? Differentiate the working of VPN and NAC?

  • Following are the network-based technologies:
    • Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
    • Network Access Control (NAC)
    • Wireless Access Point Security
  • VPNs use a public network (the Internet) that is utilized by a secure virtual network. The encryption of packet content between the endpoints that make up a VPN ensures its security.
  • NAC requires a series of verifications prior to permitting a device to join a network. Regular checks involve making sure your antivirus software is up to date and that your operating system and applications are updated.
200

Examples of how cybersecurity awareness can be done?

For instance, a lot of companies hold cybersecurity awareness days. Signage and banners can be displayed by organizations to raise awareness of cybersecurity in general

200

What does a security policy involve? Also explain the use of the procedure document?

  • Identification and Authentication Policies
  • Password Policies
  • Acceptable Use Policies
  • Remote Access Policies
  • Network Maintenance Policies
  • Incident Handling Policies
  • Procedure documents feature implementation details, which typically include illustrations and detailed instructions. Procedure documents are essential for large businesses to maintain the development uniformity required for a secure environment.
200

What is the next level of ISO/IEC 27000 and how does it works?

The ISO/IEC 27002 standard is the next step up from the ISO/IEC 27000 standards. Information security management system controls, which outline how to achieve the 27001 control goals, are defined by ISO/IEC 27002. The technical guidance for putting cybersecurity into practice is provided by the ISO/IEC 27002 controls. Mostly upper management establishes these policies.

300

When does data corruption occur?

Data corruption occurs during the data output process.


300

What are technologies in hardware? Also, differentiate between IDS and IPS?

  • Following are the technologies in hardware:
    • Firewall appliances
    • Dedicated Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
    • Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)
    • Content Filtering Services
  • In IDS, it detects signs of attack and sends an alert, whereas in IPS, it detects, makes an alert, and takes corrective action as well.
300

What are the elements in a cybersecurity awareness program?

  • The organization’s environment.
  • The level of threat to cybersecurity.
300

What does an in-depth security policy include?

A thorough security policy accomplishes the following objectives:

  • Ensures consistency in the purchasing, use, and maintenance of hardware and software, as well as in system operations.
  • Describes the consequences of violations for the law.
  • Gives security staff management support.
300

What are control objectives and its relationship with SOA?

Control objectives comprise the twelve areas of the ISO/IEC cybersecurity model and are described in the standard's 27001 section. The control goals list the requirements for setting up an extensive information security management system (ISMS). Most businesses normally produce the Statement of Applicability (SOA), which lists the control objectives that the organization decides it must use. An organization modifies how it employs the available control objectives and controls to best meet its needs for availability, confidentiality, and integrity.

400

What is data modification, and list the examples of its process?

  • Data modification is any changes to the original data.
  • Examples:
    • Encoding/Decoding
    • Compression/Decompression
    • Encryption/Decryption
400

Explain software firewalls? Difference between network/port scanner and vulnerability scanner?

  • Restrict who has access to a system that is remote. Although firewall software is typically pre-installed on operating systems, users can either download or purchase it from other sources.
  • Network and port scanners discover and monitor open ports on a host or server, whereas vulnerability scanners are computer programs designed to assess weaknesses on computers or networks.
400

What are the practices involved in the awareness program?

Creating a culture of cybersecurity awareness is an ongoing effort that requires the commitment of all employees and users in addition to top management's leadership. The establishment of rules and procedures by management is the first step towards strengthening the cybersecurity culture of a business. The creation of cybersecurity orientation seminars and workshops aids in awareness-raising.

400

Explain different types of policies?

  • Identification and authentication policies
  • Password policies
  • Acceptable use policies
  • Remote access policies
  • Network maintenance policies
  • Incident handling policies
400

Difference between ISO and IEC and how it works?

One of the primary differences between the ISO/IEC and OSI cybersecurity models is the structure of the model. In the ISO/IEC cybersecurity architecture, domains are utilized instead of layers since each domain is intimately tied to every other domain. However, a cybersecurity professional needs to understand both paradigms to thrive. The ISO/IEC rules particularly address data security goals for data in the three states of transmission, storage, and processing.

500

What is the requirement for protecting data in process and examples of how you can protect?


  • It requires well-designed systems.
  • Examples:
    • Access Control
    • Data Validation
    • Data Backups


500

What is software safeguard, and which technologies is it used?

  • Software protections include apps and services that protect servers, workstations, and mobile devices' operating systems, databases, and other services.
  • Technologies used for software safeguard include:
    • Software Firewalls
    • Network and Port Scanners
    • Protocol/Signature Analyzers
    • Vulnerability Scanners
    • Host-Based Intrusion Detection Systems
500

What are the ways to implement a formal training program?

There are several ways to implement a formal training program:

  • Make security awareness training a part of the employee’s onboarding process.
  • Tie security awareness to job requirements or performance evaluations.
  • Conduct in-person training sessions.
  • Complete online courses in security.
500

What is AUP? Also mention organization best practices for cybersecurity?

  • One of the most common security policy components is an acceptable use policy (AUP).
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Computer Security Resource Center
  • National Security Agency (NSA) Security Configuration Guides
  • The Common Criteria standard
500

What are different groups in the organization responsible for data?

Different organizations within an organization may be in control of data in different states. Data transmission is managed by the network security team. Programmers and data entry workers are in charge of processing data. Data storage is handled by specialists in hardware and server maintenance. The representatives of these three groups work together to ascertain the relevance and relative importance of each control in their respective domains.