The Nature of Matter
What is the most basic unit of matter?
An Atom
What does the pH scale measure?
How acidic or basic something is
What type of molecule is it when it is mostly carbon based?
Organic molecules
What is a chemical reaction?
A process that changes one set of compounds into another
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Cohesion
Macromolecules
List the three subatomic particles of an atom and their charges
Protons - Positive
Electrons - Negative
Neutrons - Neutral
What type of molecule is water, polar or nonpolar, and why?
Water is polar because it has an unequal charge across the molecule
What type of structures form when carbon atoms bond? Hint: There are two types, you must get both in order to get it correct
Chains and Rings
What is a catalyst?
Attraction between different substances
Adhesion
Sugars, starches, cellulose. Used for energy and structure
Carbohydrates
When two atoms are joined by covalent bonds, what do they form?
A molecule
What is a buffer?
A weak acid or base that prevents a quick change in pH to help maintain homeostasis
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
Four covalent bonds
When chemical bonds are broken or formed, what always happens?
Energy is either released or absorbed
A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom
Element
Macromolecule that is not soluble in water, used to store energy and form membranes
Lipids
What is the difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds donate an electron, and create ions. Covalent bonds share the electrons between the atoms.
What type of ions do acids and bases release? Hint: they are not the same, you need to list both.
Acids release H+ (hydrogen) ions
Bases release OH- (hydroxide) ions
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?
The active site
An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Macromolecule that contains nitrogen, made up of amino acids, and performs many cellular functions
Protein
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties as regular atoms of the same element?
They have the same number of electrons, so the properties stay the same
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak bond formed between the positive end of one ion and the negative end of another.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
At what temperature do human enzymes work best? Your answer needs to be in Degrees Celsius.
37 Degrees Celsius
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements
A Compound
The energy needed to get a reaction started
Activation energy