Scientific Method
This process ensures that results are valid and consistent instead of an accident
Replication
Subjects of psychological research
Participants
A research method that manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on behavior or mental processes
Experiment
Correlation does not equal _________
Causation
Which ethical guideline states that researchers must protect participants identities
Confidentiality or Keeping personal information private
What is Step 1 of the Scientific Method?
Observation
Observational research study focusing on one or a few people in great depth
Case Study
In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment
Experimental Group
Numbers from -1 to +1 that refer to the relationship between two variables
Correlation Coefficient
Which ethical guideline states that researchers must ensure that people aren't hurt physically or emotionally during the study
Cause no Harm
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
Hindsight Bias
List of questions to be answered by research participants—given as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally
Survey
The group that is not exposed to the treatment
Control Group
Other factors that influence the independent and dependent variable. They can potentially lead to misleading conclusions
Third or Confounding Variable
Which ethical guideline requires researchers to explain the study and its risks so participants can decide if they want to take part
Informed Consent
Set of accepted beliefs that explains nature through observations and predicts behavior or an event
Theory
A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole
Representative Sample
The variable being tested or measured. It may change based on the other variables.
Dependent Variable
Both variables INCREASE or DECREASE together
Positive Correlation
What group is responsible for protecting participants rights and ensure ethical research practices
Institutional Review Board
Specific and measurable descriptions of the Independent and Dependent Variables
Operational Definition
Subgroups in the population are represented proportionally in the sample
Stratified Sample
The variable that the experimenter is controlling and manipulating
It will not change based on the other variable(s)
Independent Variable
As one variable INCREASES the other DECREASES (and vice versa)
Negative Correlation
After the study concludes, researchers must explain the purpose, methods, and findings of the research to participants
Debriefing