Neat-ure of Matter
Polymers are made up of...
Monomers
Explain water's polatity
Oxygen has a higher electronegativity, therefore due to the angle of carbons bonds the side with oxygen will have a partial negative charge and conversely the hydrogen side has a partial positive charge
What is the process of combining monomers to form polymers?
Polymerization
In the formula 6CO2 + 6H2O ->C6H12O6 + 6O2, what are the products and reactants of this chemical equation?
reactants: 6CO2 + 6H2O
products: C6H12O6 + 6O2
How does temperature impact enzymes?
temperature increase = denature
temperature decrease = no movement of molecules
Both cause enzyme to not function
transfers
Adhesion is waters ability to ______ to ______ molecules
hydrogen bond, other
Which biological macromolecule(s) are/is responsible for energy?
Carbohydrates and Lipids
A _______ is a physically combined substance that does not result in a new compound
Mixture
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
The sugar base
Which subatomic particles hold mass?
Protons and Neutrons
Force of hydrogen bonds at surface of water allowing organisms such as the pond skipper to "walk" on water.
Carbohydrates are stored as ______ in plants and _____ in animals
starch, glycerol and fats
A solution with more OH- ions than H+ ions is...
Basic
double bonds
What is an isotope? What can they be used for?
An element that contains different number of neutrons and therefore have different properties from the default element
Tracers and carbon dating
Why is water considered a neutral pH?
H2O breaks into H+ and OH- ions in equal proportions which determine acidity and basicity.
Macromolecule composed of C, N, H, P, O
Nucleic Acid
How do enzymes catalyze a reaction? Explain steps
Lower activation energy by having substrates bind to active site creating an enzyme-substrate complex and then releasing a product by breaking or forming a bond.
What the difference between a competitive and non-competitive inhibitor? How are they similar?
Competitive interacts with active site where non-competitive interacts with allosteric site. Both inhibit (stop) enzyme function.
What makes carbon so valuable?
Its ability to form 4 bonds due to having 4 valence electrons. Carbon has the ability to bond to other carbons to form large structures as well as covalently bond to other elements such oxygen and hydrogen
Why is water considered the universal solvent?
Waters polarity allows things that are polar to dissolve easily in water. Same with ions which have a pos or neg charge.
Explain the 4 macromolecules, their monomers and its function
carb = monosaccharide/sugar, energy/structure
Lipids = no monomer, long-term storage of energy
Nucleic Acids = nucleotides, genetic info
Proteins = amino Acids, many functions like enzymes, structure, etc.
What is a exothermic reaction and why?
exothermic reactions release energy and some are likely to react without an input in energy (spontaneous) due to its overall lower activation energy.
Explain the 4 levels of protein organization
primary = amino acid order
Secondary = local folding
Tertiary = R-group interactions or 3-D structure of one chain of amino acids
Quaternary = multiple amino acid chains smushed together