Day 1-2 After Fertilization
Cells arising from cleavage divisions in the zygote are called _____.
What are blastomeres?
This term, meaning “solid ball,” refers to a stage of development with 12-15 blastomeres.
What is the morula?
This is expressed early in totipotent blastomeres.
What is eomesodermin, Cdx2, and Oct 4
Acellular component of the trophoblast, no distinct cell boundaries. Will form the embryonic portion of the placenta.
What is syncytiotrophoblast
What is the term for an abnormal form of pregnancy, characterized by the presence of a hydatidiform mole?
What is a molar pregnancy?
This structure, a thick jelly-like layer, surrounds the zygote and polar body.
What is the zona pellucida?
These cells in the morula stage are described as having the ability to give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.
What are totipotent cells?
The thin outer layer of the blastocyst?
Trophoblast (trophoectoderm)
The cellular component of the trophoblast, source of cells for Synchtiotrophoblast.
What is cytotrophoblast?
Which animal was parthenogenesis first successfully induced in?
What is a rabbit?
This is the term for the degenerating cell resulting from meiotic division that does not contribute to the embryo.
What is a polar body?
The process that begins at the 8-cell stage, where blastomeres form a tightly compacted ball, is called this.
What is compaction?
Centrally located blastomeres that give rise to the embryo
What is the inner cell mass (embryoblast)
What layer of cells will appear on the surface of the inner cell mass facing the blastocyst?
What is the hypoblast?
In April 2004, scientists at Tokyo University of Agriculture were able to use parthenogenesis successfully to create what?
What is a fatherless mouse
The first cleavage division in humans is described as this type of division, where the plane is vertical.
What is meridional cleavage?
This molecule plays a key role in compaction by forming cell adhesion connections between blastomeres.
What is E-cadherin?
The process by which a cavity is formed within the morula, thus converting it into a blastula
What is Cavitation
Which hormone is the target of pregnancy tests during this phase?
What is hCG, What is EPF?
Centrally located blastomeres that give rise to the embryo
What is the inner cell mass (embryoblast)
During the second cleavage division, one blastomere divides meridionally, while the other divides in this orientation.
What is equatorial?
In humans, zygotic gene activation begins earlier than in many other organisms and typically occurs during this stage
What is the 4-8 cell stage?
Cells that activate Na/K pumps that move into Na into a central cavity
What is a trophoblast cell?
The hypoblast will be replaced later in the developmental process by which germ layer?
What is the endoderm?
The process with trophoblast cells appears to be stimulated by contact with what cells as the moura passes through a uterine tube?
What is the oviduct cells?