General
What is absolutism?
Absolute power given to a monarch by god, otherwise known as the divine right of kings.
What is mercantilism?
An economic theory in which the prosperity and power of a nation is based on the accumulation of precious metals such as silver and gold. The mother country receives raw materials and sells manufactured goods back to the colony.
What is the difference between a trading post colony and a settlement colony?
Trading post colonies: often temporary, few in number, traded raw materials, operated by Europeans.
Settlement colonies: created to permanently settle colonists, organized societies, created to evangelize Indigenous peoples as well.
Why was the location of Trois-Rivieres chosen?
Near the St. Maurice and St. Lawrence rivers, and it was on top of a hill (strategic advantage)
When was Quebec City founded?
1608
Who were the Filles du Roi and what did they do?
A group of young French women (orphans) who were sent to New France to get married and have as many children as possible. The goal was to create demographic balance and increase the population.
Why was there such a demographic imbalance in New France in 1627?
Companies had little interest in populating the colony because there was no need for labour (the First Nations did everything), and it cost them money to bring settlers over.
How did the French go about evangelizing Indigenous peoples? (2 main points)
- Sent religious communities (missionaries) to settle in New France (Jesuits)
- They founded missions
How did the conflicts between the Iroquois and the Huron impact the fur trade? (around 1648-1649)
Transporting furs to the trading posts became very difficult and dangerous. The French lost many of their Huron-Wendat allies because they were killed by the Iroquois.
When was Ville-Marie founded?
1642
Who was Jean Talon? What were his two main goals?
Jean Talon was the first intendant of New France. He aimed to diversify the colony's economy, and promoting population growth
When was the Company of One Hundred Associates founded, and what were their two main obligations?
1627
- Evangelization of First Nations peoples
- Bring over 4000 colonists in 15 years
Throughout the 17th century, the Dutch and the English began to settle North America. How did this impact the French in New France?
Fur trade! The Dutch and English allied with the Iroquois, who then attacked the French's Indigenous allies, which then negatively impacted the fur trade. The Dutch and English also wanted more territory.
Describe the seigneurial system using the following three vocabulary terms: seigneur, seigneury, censitaire, and censive.
The seigneurial system was a way of organizing the land where the seigneur (a wealthy or influential person who was given power in New France) was granted a plot of land called a seigneury. Censitaires were peasants who received a plot of land, called a censive, from a seigneur, to farm.
What year was Royal Government established?
1663
Who are Paul Chomedy de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance - why do we care about them?
They founded Ville-Marie and Jeanne Mance founded the Hotel Dieu hospital
How did the French government encourage the increase of population in New France?
- Make all ships take a certain number of colonists with them.
- King gave a dowry to poor women and Indigenous Catholic women who married a French colonists.
- The king gave certain prisoners and smugglers the right to settle in New France.
- Soldiers and officers were given a chance to settle in the colony.
Why did the Indigenous population drop so drastically throughout the 17th century?
Exposure to disease and war.
What was the Beaver crisis?
In the late 1600s, fur was being overexploited, which resulted in a major drop in the price of fur. As a result, French authorities reduced the size of hunting territories, closed trading posts and forts.
When was the Great Peace of Montreal?
1701
What are the three principles of triangular trade?
1. Ships were never empty.
2. Ships leaving New France and the West Indies transported raw materials to France.
3. Ships leaving France for New France and the West Indies transport the finished products.
What is economic diversification, who encouraged it, and why was it important?
- The entire economy relied on one industry (fur trade), which is dangerous because if the fur trade declined, the entire economy would crumble.
- Jean Talon
- The colony had other valuable materials, such as agricultural products, timber and metals
Who are the Canadiens?
Colonists who settled in the St. Lawrence Valley, known for their independent spirit and rebellious nature
Modifying their clothing, transportation, and house-building techniques. (adding deeper foundations, double windowpanes and woodstoves)
In what year did the most filles du roi arrive?
1669