Properties of Minerals
the splitting of a mineral along flat surfaces is a property called ___________
cleavage
Generally a light-colored rock that has high silica content
granite
How do people use igneous rock?
tools and building materials
What is erosion?
the process by which running water, wind, or ice carry away bits of broken-up rock
Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth's surface can change any rock into ___________
metamorphic rock
Name a mineral formed from evaporation
Halite, gypsum, calcite
What type of rock is formed when a rock is changed by heat and pressure?
Metamorphic Rock
An Igneous rock commonly used as building material
granite
What is weathering?
the effects of freezing and thawing, plant roots, acid, and other forces on rock.
A metamorphic rock that are important materials for building and sculpture
marble/slate
An example of a mineral made up of a pure element
copper
The process by which sediment settles out of water or wind carrying it is _________
deposition
How do geologists classify igneous rocks?
origin, texture, and mineral composition
How do sedimentary rocks form?
weathering & erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
What does foliated mean?
refers to thin, flat layering, or bands
Used to rank the hardness of minerals
Moh's Hardness Scale
A sedimentary rock made up of rock fragments with rounded edges is called __________
conglomerate
What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?
extrusive: formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface
intrusive: formed when magma hardened beneath the surface of Earth
what is a disadvantage to using color to identify a mineral?
Many minerals occur in a variety of colors, so few minerals can be identified based only on their color
Explain why metamorphic rock rarely forms at Earth's surface
Metamorphic rock almost always forms under tremendous heat and pressure. Such conditions are not present at the surface, but deep below it. An exception occurs when a pocket of magma rising through the crust near the surface heats the surrounding rock, thus producing metamorphic rock.
Which igneous rock has large crystals surrounded by smaller crystals?
Porphyry
What step of the rock cycle creates the sediment from which sedimentary rock is formed?
Erosion of Igneous and Metamorphic rock provides the sediment from which sedimentary rocks form.
Describe a pathway through the rock cycle in which igneous rock can become metamorphic
Ms. Cobb's Discretion
T/F the small particles of rock or the remains of living things that make up sedimentary rocks are called cement
Describe how a vein of silver forms from a solution
solutions of hot water and metals underground often hollow fractures within rock. Then the metals crystalize un narrow channels or veins.