Chapter 2 Test Review

True/False

100

Both plants and animals can perform photosynthesis, but plants do it more often. 

False

200

Chlorophyl is the pigment that gives plants their green color and helps absorb light energy 

True

300

Cellular respiration has 5 steps

False 

400

Fermentation is the process of creating energy without the use of Oxygen 

True

500

Plants take in ATP energy through their roots to perform photosynthesis

False

Mitosis

100

These are the phases of the cell cycle in order: 

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

(Remember, Mitosis makes up 4 of those phases in the middle and can be remembered with the acronym PMAT).

200

Identify and describe what happens in the phase of the cell cycle shown below:

This is Metaphase, where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the call.

300

Identify and describe what happens during this phase of the cell cycle:

This is Anaphase where chromosomes move AWAY to opposites ends of the cell

400

Identify and describe what happens during this phase of the cell cycle (note: both pictures are part of the same phase)

These are both Prophase where chromosomes condense and become visible and spindle fibers form at the centrioles

500

Identify and describe what happens during this phase of the cell cycle:

This is Interphase where a cell prepares to divide by growing and replicating its DNA and organelles.

Cellular Respiration

100

This is the form of energy created by cellular respiration 

ATP energy 

200

These are the REACTANTS or inputs of Cellular Respiration (know the words and the chemical formulas) 

Glucose ( C₆H₁₂O₆ ) and Oxygen ( 6O₂ )

300

This is the full equation for cellular Respiration 

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ --> 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP Energy 

(Glucose and oxygen will produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP energy)

400

Identify where the stages of cellular respiration take place and describe what happens in each stage. 

Stage 1: Cytoplasm. Glucose is broken down into smaller food molecules (pyruvate) 

Stage 2: Mitochondria. ATP energy, water, and CO₂ are created

500

Identify how organisms can produce energy without oxygen and why this is important

Fermentation is the process and it is important because it allows organisms to produce energy when they do not have enough oxygen available, for example during physical exertion (working out/ high energy movements)

Photosynthesis

100

Plants can make their own food through photosynthesis which makes them this type of organism 

Autotrophs 

200

This is where photosynthesis takes place:

The chloroplasts 

300

Explain in as much detail as you can, what photosynthesis is

Photosynthesis is the process of plants making their own food for energy by taking in sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose and oxygen.

(Bonus understanding: The energy from the sun is stored in the bonds of the glucose molecule allowing it to be transformed later into ATP for the plant and other organisms)  

400

This is the full equation for photosynthesis:

Sunlight + 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O  --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ 

(Sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water will produce Glucose and oxygen )

500

This is why photosynthesis is important to animals 

Photosynthesis produces oxygen which other living things need to survive and do cellular respiration. It also stores energy in the form of food that other organisms (heterotrophs) can eat. 

Miscellaneous

100

This is the longest phase of the cell cycle 

Interphase 

200

Identify and describe what happens during this phase of the cell cycle: 

This is telophase where two new nuclei form 

300

Identify Structure X

Centriole 

400

Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration (how are they similar and how are they different?)

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposites, meaning the reactants of one are the products of the other.

They both involve energy, are necessary for survival, and use/produce similar molecules.

Photosynthesis uses light energy while respirations creates ATP energy. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast while Cellular respiration happens in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Autotrophs do both while heterotrophs can only do cellular respiration. 

500

What does ATP stand for? 

Adenosine Tri Phosphate