Atoms & Basic Chemistry
The smallest unit of matter is called what?
the atom
The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called what?
covalent bond
Name the four elements that are important to macromolecules
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon
The starting materials for chemical reactions are called _________________, while the new substances that are formed are called _______________.
reactants; products
A pH of 3 is what?
acidic
Atoms are composed of what three subatomic particles?
protons, neutrons, and electrons
The bond when two atoms transfers electrons is called
Which type of macromolecule is used to store and release energy
carbohydrates
The energy required to start a reaction is called what?
activation energy
A pH of 12 is what?
A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called what?
element.
Weak attractions between polar molecules (example- water) are ______________ bonds.
hydrogen
Which type of macromolecule is used to store energy in the of fats and form structural portions of cells
lipids
what is the role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?
lowers the activation energy, makes the reaction go faster
A pH of 7 is what
Neutral
Electrons are found in what part of an atom?
the electron shells
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound
a compound requires a chemical reaction to be separated
Long chains of nucleotides are called _____________ ______.
nucleic acids
A reaction where energy is released is called what?
exothermic
A solution is made up of what two substances?
a solvent and a solute
A(n) _______________ is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
molecule
Ionic bonds form between molecules that have
opposite charges.
What type of macromolecule is used as a messenger, and is made up of monomers called amino acids
proteins
The law of conservation of mass tells us what about a reaction?
the mass is conserved (the amount of mass you start with, is the amount of mass you end with)
When make a solution what dissolves into what? (solvent or solute?)
The solute dissolves into the solvent