Name the lipid composed of a hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group.
What is a fatty acid?
100
This macromolecule functions as an energy source, starting material, structural support and in cell recognition.
What is a carbohydrate?
200
Name the type of bond found between monomers of a carbohydrate.
What is a glycosidic bond?
200
Name the type of bond that is responsible for the primary structure of proteins (the linear sequence of AAs).
What is a peptide bond?
200
A nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group and a ____________.
What is a nitrogenous base?
200
Name the storage lipid composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol backbone.
What is a triacylglycerol (TAG)?
200
Where do you find phospholipids within the cell?
What is in membranes?
300
Name the linear carbohydrate found in plant cell walls.
What is cellulose?
300
Name the bond type responsible for the secondary structure of proteins.
What is a hydrogen bond?
300
Name the bond between nucleotides in a nucleic acid.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
300
Phospholipids are ___________, meaning that they have both polar and nonpolar regions.
What is amphipathic?
300
Membranes are selectively permeable. Which can easily diffuse across a membrane?
small nonpolar molecules OR large, polar molecules
What are small nonpolar molecules?
400
Name the sugar found as a part of DNA's structure.
What is deoxyribose?
400
Name three of the bond types (or interactions) responsible for the tertiary structure of proteins.
What are ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions or disulfide bonds?
400
Name TWO differences between RNA and DNA.
What is
1. deoxyribose vs ribose
2. single stranded vs double stranded
3. T vs U
400
Name the lipid composed of 4 fused hydrocarbon rings and an OH group.
What is cholesterol?
400
Name the macromolecule that functions in energy storage, cell membranes and cell signaling.
What is a lipid?
500
Name the branched carbohydrate that is responsible for energy storage in animals.
What is glycogen?
500
Hemoglobin is a protein made up of 4 polypeptides held together by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. This is an example of which type of structure of proteins?
What is quaternary structure?
500
For directionality, the ends of a nucleic acid have these two designations. (think about the ends of DNA)
What is 5' and 3'?
500
Instead of a glycerol backbone, phospholipids can have a serine derived backbone. Name this type of phospholipid.
What is sphingomyelin?
500
ATP is an example of which of a building block of which of the 4 macromolecules?