Structure of hair
the exterior layer of the hair
What is cuticle?
What is alkaline waves?
Rods that are equal in diameter along entire length or curling area
What is straight rods?
Relaxer that uses the same ATG that is used in permanent waving but with a pH OF 10 or higher
What is thio relaxer?
This type of shampoo will neutralize hydroxide relaxers
What is acid balanced shampoo/ normalizing lotion?
Responsible for elasticity and strength
What is cortex?
Are activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hood-type dryer
What is endothermic?
Also known as circle rods, after the hair is wrapped the rod is secured by fastening the ends together to form a loop
What is loop rods?
The pH of hydroxide relaxer
what is 13 or above?
perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over
What is double flat Wrap?
bonds that are broken by chemicals and extreme heat
What is disulfide bonds?
Does not essentially mean damage free
What is ammonia free wave?
The use of an end paper folded in half like an envelope
What is bookend wrap?
The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair, remove sulfur atom and change it to lanthionine bond
What is lanthionization?
Hair that is wrapped 45 degrees beyond perpendicular
What is on base placement?
This type of hair requires a highly alkaline solution and may take longer to process
What is coarse?
Have a pH between 4.5-7.0 and require heat to prcoess
What is true acid waves?
Using zig zag partings to divide base sections
What is weave technique?
Thio relaxers cannot be mixed with this type of relaxer
What is sodium hydroxide relaxer?
The most common neutralizer in permanent waves
What is hydrogen peroxide?
Chemical bonds that join amino acids together, end to end, in long chains to form polypeptide chain
What is peptide bond/ end bonds?
Creates a chemical reaction that heats up the waving solution and speeds up the processing
What is exothermic?
do not proceed if you see this on the scalp
What is abrasions?
Relaxer that does not require application of protective base cream
What is no base relaxer?
ATG stands for
ammonium thioglycolate