RED
This is the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves.
What is ammonium thioglycolate?
This is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution?
What is degree of alkalinity?
Alkaline waves are also known by this name, and were developed in 1941.
What is cold waves?
Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between this and this.
What is 9.0 and 9.6?
This is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions.
What is glyceryl monothioglycolate?
All acid waves have three components: permanent waving lotion, neutralizer and this.
What is activator?
Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between this and this.
What is 7.8 and 8.2?
Modern acid waves are actually these waves, which are permanent waves that have a 7.0, or neutral pH.
What is acid balanced?
Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds this up.
What is processing?
Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood-type dryer, are this type of waves.
What is endothermic?
These waves are perms using an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so that there is very little odor associated with their use.
What is ammonia-free?
It is important for stylists to remember that ammonia-free does not necessarily mean this.
What is damage free?
These waving solutions use an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine, as the primary reducing agent.
What is thio-free?
These waves are permanent solutions based on sulfites, considered very weak, and are usually marketed as body waves or alternative waves.
What is low pH?
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first this.
What is 5-10 minutes?
Hair that has too many broken disulfide bonds and will not hold a firm curl is considered this.
What is over processed?
Overprocessed hair that is further processed will become this and cause further damage, including breakage.
What is straighter?
This process stops the action of permanent waves solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form.
What is thio neutralization?
This is the most common neutralizer.
What is hydrogen peroxide?
This is the most common type of perm rod?
What is concave rods?
This perm rod is equal in diameter along the entire length or curling area.
What is straight rod?
These soft foam perm rods are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod.
What are soft bender rods?
These are also known as circle rods, are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod, and are secured by fastening the ends together to form a loop.
What are loop rods?
This is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped, providing the most control over the hair ends.
What is double flat wrap?
This perm wrap uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the hair strand.
What is single flat wrap?