Body Basics
What is the smallest living unit of the body?
cell
What term means toward the head or above?
superior
What is the largest organ of the body?
skin
How many bones are normally in the adult human skeleton?
206
What condition causes bones to become weak and porous?
osteoporosis
What are the four major types of body tissue?
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
What plane divides the body into left and right portions?
sagittal
What are the three main layers associated with the skin?
epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis/subcutaneous layer
What kind of joint is found in the shoulder and hip?
ball-and-socket
What is inflammation of a joint called?
arthritis
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
anatomy= study of structure
physiology= study of function
What term means farther from the point of attachment?
distal
What pigment is primarily responsible for skin color?
melanin
What are the major divisions of the skeleton?
axial and appendicular
What is the medical term for excessive curvature of the thoracic spine, producing a rounded upper back?
kyphosis
Put these is order from simplest to most complex:
organ, cell, tissue, organ system
cell-> tissue-> organ-> organ system
What plane divides the body into posterior and anterior portions?
frontal/cornal
What glands produce the oily substance called sebum?
sebaceous gland
What cells are responsible for building new bone?
osteoblast
What skin condition involves inflammation with itching, redness, and irritation and may have several causes?
dermatitis
What is homeostasis, and why is it important?
maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
What is the difference between proximal and distal?
proximal= closest to point of attachment
distal= farthest from point of attachment
Name four major functions of the integumentary system?
protection, temperature regulation, prevention of water loss, and vitamin d production
What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeletons?
axial=skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
appendicular= limbs plus shoulder and pelvic girdles
What condition is characterized by abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?
scoliosis