The Beginning of Agriculture
early people began to domesticate animals for...
early people began to domesticate animals for
food, clothing, meat, shelters, bones to make tools
Where do people start to develop permanent villages?
people develop permanent villages in river valley
fertile soil
farmers settle where soil was rich
homes-made of mud, bricks, logs, hides
When villagers were settled...
villagers were settled
-did NOT move around
Artisans
-long time to learn skills
-potters
-weavers
-carpenters
complex villages were ....
complex villages NOT like modern city
-5,000
-very small
-no electricity
-no buses
-no skyscrapers or paved roads
Agriculture is...
Agriculture is the planting and growing of crops
grow food for themselves and animals
disadvantages to living in a village
-fire
-disease
-floods
Life was easier too
-plenty of food
-easier to defend themselves
food surplus (did what)
grew more than they needed
surplus food and goods helped villages to live through bad times
Social Class
-groups based on
-training
-income
- same background
Catal Huyak....
Catal Huyak earliest complex village
Agricultural revolution was
Agricultural revolution
the shift from gathering food to raising it
hoes to loosen soil
digging sticks
People farmed along the river where?
People farmed along the river
-China
-Nile in Africa
Irrigation to water their crops
people farmed in uplands
made TERRACES on steep land- corn, beans, potatoes, squash
specialization
learned crafts- pots, weaving cloth
-potters
-weavers
-trade goods for food
Early communities began to want...
-want laws
-to keep order
-settle arguments
-simple government
-more stable
Catal Huyuk was built on...
Catal Huyuk was built on marshy lands
-grew their crops outside the village
-people lived complex lives
-permanent house
-religious art on walls
Slash and burn- cut down and burned away plants and trees
soil became poor
move to a new place
How did early humans in the Americas adapt the land for farming?
terraces to adapt to steep land
Holy Shamans
linked to spirit world
holy people became priests
Simple villages became...
Simple villages became complex villages
-larger
-more varied
-more people, ideas, and skills
Catal Huyuk had
Catal Huyuk had special skills
-luxury goods
-mirrors
-beads
-cloth, wooden containers, pottery, murals
How did the new tools change the way early humans lived?
new tools = new farming methods
raise and grow food
How did the agricultural revolution change life for early humans?
settled in permanent villages by rivers= good soil, water, food
danger: fires, disease, flood
How did surpluses lead to specialization?
-enough food because of farming so people could learn other crafts
What are two ways in which simple villages became more complex?
more people
more needs
kept growing-special jobs
What were some features of a complex village?
-thousands of people
-specialized skills
-trade and permanent homes