The study of planet Earth, including its composition and structure.
What is Geology?
100
Alfred Wegner, in 1912, hypothesized that the continents were once joined in a single super-continent (Pangea), which then broke into pieces that moved apart.
What is the Continental Drift Hypothesis?
100
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
What is a mineral?
100
This rock type forms when molten material cools either inside Earth or on the surface.
What is an igneous rock?
100
Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as a part of our planet.
What is a rock?
200
The three main layers of Earth.
What is the crust, mantle and core?
200
The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere, called plates, move about slowly on top of the asthenosphere.
What is Theory of Plate Tectonics?
200
How a mineral breaks.
What is fracture?
200
Aphanitic refers to . . .
Phaneritic refers to . . .
What are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks?
300
The rocky outer layer of Earth which is made mostly of silicates and smaller amounts of aluminum, iron and calcium.
What is the crust?
300
The three main types of plate boundaries.
What are divergent, convergent and transform plate boundaries?
300
A scale from one to ten which rates a minerals hardness. Talc being the softest (1) and Diamond being the hardest (10).
What is Mohs Hardness Scale?
300
These are three agents of metamorphism.
What are heat, pressure (stress) and chemically active fluids?
300
These are the two types of forces in which the rock cycle operates.
What are constructive and destructive forces?
400
This thick main layer of Earth is hot but mostly solid rock and is further divided into three sub-layers; the lithosphere, asthenosphere and mesosphere.
What is the mantle?
400
Rocks sampled from both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were found to have patterns of parallel magnetic "stripes" that were identical on the two sides.
What is one piece of evidence for sea-floor spreading?
400
Name five properties that can be used to identify a mineral.
What are crystal structure, color, streak, luster, density, hardness, fracture & cleavage, effervescence, electrical properties, light refraction, magnetism, fluorescence?
400
The parent rock of quartzite . . .
Granite will metamorphose into . . .
. . . is sandstone.
. . . gneiss.
400
Give two examples of a pathway earth material may travel through the rock cycle other than one of the five main pathways. Begin by 1)stating the original material and 2)the resulting formation.
Answers will vary. Must give two examples. All or nothing.
500
The idea that the geologic processes that operate today also operated in the past.
What is the principle of uniformitarianism?
500
The driving force behind plate movement which Alfred Wegner could not explain as the mechanism for the Continental Drift Hypothesis.
What is mantle convection?
500
A dice has this many planes of cleavage.
What is three planes of cleavage?
500
These are the four basic steps to the formation of a sedimentary rock.
What are weathering & erosion, deposition & layering, compaction and cementation?
500
These are the five major parts of the rock cycle.
What are cooling, weathering & erosion, compaction & cementation, heat & pressure and melting.