Fermentation
Is O2 required for Fermentation?
*Double Pts. if you can name the step in aerobic cell resp. that requires O2*
NO!
*ETC*
Every 'organ system' (system of organs) eventually fxn's to _______ _________.
*refer to the "big picture" diagram*
maintain homeostasis
"surround, support, and protect neurons"
what is Neuroglia?
List the 4 types of Tissues
1. CT
2. Musc. Tissue
3. Epit. Tissue
4. Nervous Tissue *Conn-MEN!*
Which type of CT (Loose or Dense) is found under skin and between organs?
*Double Pts. if you can give the loc. for both types*
Loose CT
*Dense CT is found in tendons and ligaments*
Fermentation allows this metabolic pathway to continue
What is Glycolysis?
In simpler terms, these two words basically refer to the structure and function of a cell (or organism).
*HINT: probably your next lvl. biol. course, 223 & 224*
what is Anatomy and Physiology?
Each cell contains a complete copy of that organism's 'genome'... So how do we get so many different types of cells?
Differential GENE EXPRESSION (not every gene gets expressed)
List any basic organ functions
*100 pts each!!*
1. sense the environment
2. acquire food (energy acquisition)
3. exchange gases
4. eliminate waste
5. protection (from injury and disease obvi.)
6. reproduce
7. communication
8. movement and support
Composition: cells in a EM of collagen and minerals
Function: firm support
What is Bone Tissue?
Fermentation allows for the recycling of ____ to ____.
*Bonus 100 if you know the amt. of ATP produced from Fermentation*
NADH TO NAD+
*Net: 2 (not very technical but we'll go with it...)*
Give 3 of 5 characteristics that help define animals
1. Eukaryotic
2. Multicellular
3. Heterotrophs
4. No cell walls or chloroplasts (obvi.)
5. motile (AKA mobile)
A network of filamentous proteins, carbohydrates, and interstitial fluid secreted by the cells in a tissue
What is the Extracellular Matrix (EM)?
*200 pts for each fully correct answer!!!*
1. the two organ systems that coordinate communication
2. the two organ systems that support and move the body
3. the three organ systems that acquire energy
4. the four organ systems that protect the body
1. what are the Nervous and Endocrine Systems?
2. what are the Skeletal and Muscular Systems?
3. what are the Digestive, Circulatory, and Resp. Systems?
4. what are the Urinary, Integumentary, Immune, and Lymphatic Systems?
_______ use neg. feedback for 'thermoregulation', while _______ require less food and energy for thermoregulation
*Bonus 200 if you can explain why they req. less energy*
Endotherms ; Ectotherms
*(endo=inside) temp. control requires a process inside the body... Ectotherms require less energy for temp. control because they get heated by an external source*
How efficient is Glycolysis compared to aerobic cell resp.?
Glycolysis = 2% efficient
Aerobic cell resp.= 32-37% efficient
1. "two or more interacting tissues that function as a unit"
2. "two or more organs that are physically or functionally joined"
3. "a group of specialized cells (and their products) that interact and provide a specific func."
1. what is an Organ?
2. what is an Organ System?
3. what is a Tissue?
tissues that cover organs, and also line every internal and external surface of the body
*Bonus 100- which part of this sentence describes anatomy and which part describes Physiology: They can be composed of single or multiple layers, and they are specialized for protection and transport*
What are Epit. Cells/Tissues?
*1st part is Anatomy, 2nd part is Phys.*
List the 6 types of CT
*100 points each!*
1. adipose (fat) tissue
2. blood
3. bone
4. cartilage
5. Dense CT
6. Loose CT
1. What chemicals transmit info. for a long-lasting effect? (Give either the chemical name or name the organ system w/ this fxn.)
2. What tissues/system rapidly transmits info.?
1. (hormones) from Endo. System
2. Nervous Tissues / neurons / nervous system
Give the inputs and outputs for both types of Fermentation
Alcoholic Ferm: inputs- 2 pyruvates, 2 NADH
outputs- 2 ethanol, 2 CO2, 2 NAD+
Lactic Acid Ferm: inputs- 2 pyruvates, 2 NADH
outputs- 2 lactates, 2 NAD+
homeostasis is maintained by ______ ________ ____.
Negative Feedback Loops
*Bonus 100 if you know whether Neg. or Pos. Feedback Loops are more common*
a type of Epit. Cell that literally translates to "thin, flattened cells"
*Bonus 200 if you know what 'stratified' means*
What is Squamous?
*formed or arranged into 'strata' or layers*
Describe the STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, and LOCATIONS for adipose tissue
Strx.=fat cells in minimal matrix
Fxn.=Stores fat for energy and insulation
Loc.= beneath skin, between muscles, around heart and joints (*think cushioning*)
Which 3 types of tissues can 'contract'?
1. skele. musc.
2. smooth musc.
3. cardiac musc.