Exercise/Fitness
What is exercise?
purposeful physical activity
What does vital signs include?
Temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
treadmill test with increasing speed and incline. Tests electrical conduction through the heart during maximal activity
Test stopped if abnormal heart rhythm, cardiac ischemia (impaired blood flow to the heart), elevated blood pressure, or exhaustion occurs
What is isotonic exercise? Is aerobic exercise an example and what is aerobic exercise?
involves movement and work
aerobic exercise promotes cardiorespiratory conditioning and increases lean muscle mass. Body moves at a moderate to slow speed without hindering ability to breathe
What does a continuous passive motion machine help to restore?
muscle and joint functioning
What are factors that interfere with fitness?
sedentary lifestyle, health problems, obesity, advanced age, smoking
What is target heart rate? What is maximum heart rate?
goal for heart rate during exercise
highest limit for heart rate during exercise; subtract the client's age from 220 to get what their maximum heart rate during exercise should be
What is a step test? Who should be present?
timed stepping activity
Personnel trained in CPR and AED use
What is therapeutic exercise?
activity performed by people with health risks or known health problems to prevent complications or restore lost function
What are some potential nursing diagnoses that can be treated with activity or exercise?
Impaired physical mobility
Risk for disuse syndrome
Activity intolerance
Risk for delayed surgical recovery
What is fitness?
capacity to exercise
What is active exercise?
therapeutic activity client performs independently after proper instruction ex. finger climbing on wall
What is an ambulatory electrocardiogram? When is it used?
continuous recording of heart rate and rhythm during normal activity. Assesses the hearts response to normal activity.
used when a client has had prior cardiac related symptoms
What is isometric exercise? What can it cause?
stationary exercise; usually against resistance such as holding weights
Increases muscle mass and strength.
Does not promote cardiorespiratory function
How can we prevent falls for our older adults?
safe shoes with nonskid soles
Body composition is determined by?
height, weight, body mass index, skin thickness, and midarm muscle circumference
What can elevated vital signs at rest indicate?
life threatening cardiovascular symptoms during exercise
What is another name for ambulatory electrocardiogram? What client education is needed for an ambulatory electrocardiogram?
Holter monitor
Client should not shower or swim; avoid magnets, metal detectors, and electric blankets that may cause artifact recording. A sponge bath is acceptable.
What are Range of Motion (ROM) exercises? Why do we do ROM exercises?
therapeutic activities to move joints
to assess joint flexibility; maintain joint mobility and flexibility in inactive clients; prevent ankylosis (stiffness of joint); stretch joints prior to strenuous activity; evaluate response to therapeutic exercise program
What considerations are important with our older adults?
balance physical activity with rest
SOB or increased heart rate indicates activity level beyond tolerance
eliminate intake of caffeinated or alcoholic beverages before or during physical activity example: coffee, tea, soda
What is necessary prior to a client exercising?
assessment of fitness level necessary to identify any risks of injury that existing health problem may cause
What is passive exercise?
therapeutic activity client performs with assistance and is provided when client cannot move one or more parts of body. example: paralyzed patient ROM exercises
What is a continuous passive motion machine? When is it used?
mechanical device powered electrically as a supplement or substitute for manual ROM; for clients with burn injuries or knee/hip replacement surgery
What is Isokinetic exercise?
combines movement at a constant speed with a form of resistance example: stationary bike
What exercise is less stressful on joints for older adults?
swimming or exercising in water